2 Samuel 3:12 · JPS 1917
And Abner sent messengers to David straightway, saying: 'Whose is the land?' saying also: 'Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring over all Israel unto thee.'
Who acts: Abner, hand · What happens: send, say, be, make, bring over · To what, where: messengers, David, land, league, Israel · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 2 Samuel 3:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abner, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 sent | cc |
| 2 | Abner | Abner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | nsubj |
| 3 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | messengers | messenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sent | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 David | case |
| 6 | David | David | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | obl |
| 7 | straightway | straightway | ADV | _ | 3 sent | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 saying | punct |
| 9 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 sent | advcl |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 land | punct |
| 11 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 15 land | punct |
| 12 | Whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Int | 15 land | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 land | cop |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 land | det |
| 15 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 saying | ccomp |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 15 land | punct |
| 17 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 15 land | punct |
| 18 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 sent | advcl |
| 19 | also | also | ADV | _ | 18 saying | advmod |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 Make | punct |
| 21 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 Make | punct |
| 22 | Make | make | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 18 saying | ccomp |
| 23 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 24 league | nmod:poss |
| 24 | league | league | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Make | obj |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 me | case |
| 26 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 Make | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 thee | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 thee | cc |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 behold | punct |
| 30 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 37 thee | discourse |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 behold | punct |
| 32 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 hand | nmod:poss |
| 33 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 thee | nsubj |
| 34 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 thee | aux |
| 35 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 thee | cop |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 thee | case |
| 37 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 22 Make | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 bring | punct |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 bring | mark |
| 40 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 thee | advcl |
| 41 | over | over | ADP | _ | 40 bring | compound:prt |
| 42 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 43 Israel | det |
| 43 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 bring | obj |
| 44 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 45 thee | case |
| 45 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 40 bring | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sent | punct |
| 47 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- other
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=other, act=narrate, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | Abner | messengers | David | straightway property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme to david=Destination | ||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Abner not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | present | the land | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | Abner not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | make | infinitive | thy league | with me | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset league=Product | ||||
| 6 | is | shall | my hand | with thee | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | bring over | to-infinitive | my hand not said here | all Israel | unto thee | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument israel=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ אַבְנֵ֨ר מַלְאָכִ֧ים ׀ אֶל־דָּוִ֛ד תַּחְתָּ֥יו לֵאמֹ֖ר לְמִי־אָ֑רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר כָּרְתָ֤ה בְרִֽיתְךָ֙ אִתִּ֔י וְהִנֵּה֙ יָדִ֣י עִמָּ֔ךְ לְהָסֵ֥ב אֵלֶ֖יךָ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
2 Samuel 3:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:2SA:81 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.81/