2 Samuel 3:12 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Abner, hand · What happens: send, say, be, make, bring over · To what, where: messengers, David, land, league, Israel · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Samuel 3:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abner, hand — and what happens in the verse to messengers, David, land, league, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ אַבְנֵ֨ר מַלְאָכִ֧ים ׀ אֶל־דָּוִ֛ד תַּחְתָּ֥יו לֵאמֹ֖ר לְמִי־אָ֑רֶץ לֵאמֹ֗ר כָּרְתָ֤ה בְרִֽיתְךָ֙ אִתִּ֔י וְהִנֵּה֙ יָדִ֣י עִמָּ֔ךְ לְהָסֵ֥ב אֵלֶ֖יךָ אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And Abner sent messengers to David straightway, saying: 'Whose is the land?' saying also: 'Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring over all Israel unto thee.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	cc	and
2	יִּשְׁלַח֩	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
3	אַבְנֵ֨ר	אַבְנֵר	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	nsubj	Abner
4	מַלְאָכִ֧ים	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	obj	messengers
5	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	4 מַלְאָכִ֧ים	punct
6	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	7 דָּוִ֛ד	case	to
7	דָּוִ֛ד	דָּוִד	PROPN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	obl	David
8	תַּחְתָּ֥י	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	obl	in
9	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 תַּחְתָּ֥י	nmod:poss	place of himself
10	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	13 מִי־	mark	(cmp)
11	אמֹ֖ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	10 לֵ	fixed
12	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	13 מִי־	case	[belongs] to
13	מִי־	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	advcl	whom?
14	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 מִי־	nsubj	[the] land
15	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	17 כָּרְת	mark	(cmp)
16	אמֹ֗ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	15 לֵ	fixed
17	כָּרְת	כָּרַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יִּשְׁלַח֩	advcl	make
18	ָ֤ה	ה	X	_	17 כָּרְת	nmod
19	בְרִֽית	בְּרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 כָּרְת	obj	covenant
20	ְךָ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	19 בְרִֽית	nmod:poss	your
21	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	22 ִ֔י	case	with
22	ִ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 כָּרְת	obl	me
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 הִנֵּה֙	cc	and
24	הִנֵּה֙	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	17 כָּרְת	conj	here!
25	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 ָ֔ךְ	nsubj	hand
26	ִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	25 יָד	nmod:poss	my
27	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	28 ָ֔ךְ	case	[will
28	ָ֔ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 כָּרְת	parataxis	be] with you
29	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	30 הָסֵ֥ב	case	to
30	הָסֵ֥ב	סָבַב	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	28 ָ֔ךְ	advcl	bring round
31	אֵלֶ֖י	אֶל	ADP	_	32 ךָ	case	to
32	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	30 הָסֵ֥ב	obl	you
33	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	34 כָּל־	case	(et)
34	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	30 הָסֵ֥ב	obj	all
35	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	34 כָּל־	compound:smixut	Israel
36	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	35 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּשְׁלַח he sent	wayyiqtol · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner	מַלְאָכִים messengers
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	אַבְנֵר Abner
כָּרְת make	imperative · qal	דָּוִד David	בְרִֽית covenant
הָסֵב bring round	infinitive construct · hiphil	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל Israel		אַבְנֵר Abner

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלַח אַבְנֵר אִזְגַדִין לְוַת דָוִד מֵאַתְרֵיהּ לְמֵימָר מְקַיְמָנָא בְּמַן דַעֲבַד אַרְעָא לְמֵימַר גְזַר קַיָמָךְ עִמִי וְהָא יְדִי עִמָךְ לְאַסְחָרָא לְוָתָךְ יַת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Abner sent messengers to David straightway, saying: 'Whose is the land?' saying also: 'Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring over all Israel unto thee.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:70.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.12/