Amos 5:20 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
Shall not the day of the LORD be darkness, and not light?
Who acts: day · What happens: not be · To what, where: darkness
This is Amos 5:20 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 darkness | aux |
| 2 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 darkness | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 day | det |
| 4 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 darkness | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 LORD | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 LORD | det |
| 7 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 day | nmod |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 darkness | cop |
| 9 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 light | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 light | cc |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 light | advmod |
| 13 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 darkness | conj |
| 14 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 darkness | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed act=evaluate, indirect=1, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | shall | the day of the LORD | darkness and light | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הֲלֹא־חֹ֛שֶׁךְ י֥וֹם יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹא־א֑וֹר וְאָפֵ֖ל וְלֹא־נֹ֥גַֽהּ לֽוֹ׃
Amos 5:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Shall not the day of the LORD be darkness, and not light?
- Even very dark, and no brightness in it?
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:AMO:86 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.86/