Ezekiel 1:22 · JPS 1917

And over the heads of the living creatures there was the likeness of a firmament, like the colour of the terrible ice, stretched forth over their heads above.

Who acts: likeness · What happens: be, stretch · To what, where: heads, likeness

This is Ezekiel 1:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (likeness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	10 was	cc
2	over	over	ADP	_	4 heads	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 heads	det
4	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 was	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 creatures	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 creatures	det
7	living	live	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 creatures	amod
8	creatures	creature	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heads	nmod
9	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	10 was	expl
10	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 likeness	det
12	likeness	likeness	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 was	nsubj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 firmament	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 firmament	det
15	firmament	firmament	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 likeness	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 colour	punct
17	like	like	ADP	_	19 colour	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 colour	det
19	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 likeness	nmod
20	of	of	ADP	_	23 ice	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 ice	det
22	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 ice	amod
23	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 colour	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 stretched	punct
25	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 likeness	acl
26	forth	forth	ADV	_	25 stretched	advmod
27	over	over	ADP	_	29 heads	case
28	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 heads	nmod:poss
29	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 stretched	obl
30	above	above	ADV	_	25 stretched	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 was	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	the likeness of a firmament like the colour of the terrible ice			the heads of the living creatures; there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over head=Location
2	stretch	participle		the likeness of a firmament like the colour of the terrible ice not said here		creatures's heads		above, forth property	vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over head=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וּדְמ֞וּת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הַחַיָּה֙ רָקִ֔יעַ כְּעֵ֖ין הַקֶּ֣רַח הַנּוֹרָ֑א נָט֥וּי עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃

Ezekiel 1:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EZK:22 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.22/