Ezekiel 31:12 · JPS 1917
And strangers, the terrible of the nations, do cut him off, and cast him down; upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs lie broken in all the channels of the land; and all the peoples of the earth do go down from his shadow, and do leave him.
Who acts: strangers, boughs, peoples, God · What happens: cut off, cast down, fall, lie, break, go down · To what, where: God, branches, channels, shadow, land
This is Ezekiel 31:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strangers, boughs, peoples, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 cut | cc |
| 2 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 cut | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 terrible | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 terrible | det |
| 5 | terrible | terrible | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 strangers | appos |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 nations | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 nations | det |
| 8 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 terrible | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 strangers | punct |
| 10 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 cut | aux |
| 11 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 cut | obj |
| 13 | off | off | ADP | _ | 11 cut | compound:prt |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 cast | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 cast | cc |
| 16 | cast | cast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 cut | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 cast | obj |
| 18 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 cast | compound:prt |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 fallen | punct |
| 20 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 22 mountains | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 mountains | det |
| 22 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 fallen | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 valleys | cc |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 valleys | case |
| 25 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 valleys | det:predet |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 valleys | det |
| 27 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 mountains | conj |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 branches | nmod:poss |
| 29 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 fallen | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 fallen | aux:pass |
| 31 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 cut | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 lie | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 lie | cc |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 boughs | nmod:poss |
| 35 | boughs | bough | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 lie | nsubj |
| 36 | lie | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 fallen | conj |
| 37 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 lie | xcomp |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 channels | case |
| 39 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 41 channels | det:predet |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 channels | det |
| 41 | channels | channel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 broken | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 land | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 land | det |
| 44 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 channels | nmod |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 54 go | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 go | cc |
| 47 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 49 peoples | det:predet |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 peoples | det |
| 49 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 go | nsubj |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 earth | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 earth | det |
| 52 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 peoples | nmod |
| 53 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 go | aux |
| 54 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 cut | conj |
| 55 | down | down | ADV | _ | 54 go | advmod |
| 56 | from | from | ADP | _ | 58 shadow | case |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 shadow | nmod:poss |
| 58 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 go | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 leave | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 leave | cc |
| 61 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 62 leave | aux |
| 62 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 go | conj |
| 63 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 leave | obj |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut off | present · do-support | strangers | God | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector he=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | cast down | infinitive | strangers not said here | God | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Product | ||||
| 3 | fall | present · passive | God's branches | upon the mountains and all valleys | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result | ||||
| 4 | lie | present | God's boughs | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | break | participle | God's boughs not said here | all channels of the land | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in channel=Location | ||||
| 6 | go down | present · do-support | all peoples of the earth | God's shadow | down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||
| 7 | leave | present · do-support | all peoples of the earth not said here | God | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 8 | channel | the land | nom channel «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | shadow | God | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּכְרְתֻ֧הוּ זָרִ֛ים עָרִיצֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם וַֽיִּטְּשֻׁ֑הוּ אֶל־הֶ֠הָרִים וּבְכָל־גֵּ֨אָי֜וֹת נָפְל֣וּ דָלִיּוֹתָ֗יו וַתִּשָּׁבַ֤רְנָה פֹֽארֹתָיו֙ בְּכֹל֙ אֲפִיקֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּרְד֧וּ מִצִּלּ֛וֹ כָּל־עַמֵּ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ וַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ׃
Ezekiel 31:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EZK:808 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.808/