Habakkuk 2:18 · JPS 1917
What profiteth the graven image, that the maker thereof hath graven it, even the molten image, and the teacher of lies; that the maker of his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols?
Who acts: graven image, maker · What happens: profit, grave, trust, make, work · To what, where: image, dumb idols
This is Habakkuk 2:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (graven image, maker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 profiteth | obj |
| 2 | profiteth | profit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 image | det |
| 4 | graven | grave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 image | amod |
| 5 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 profiteth | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 graven | punct |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 graven | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 maker | det |
| 9 | maker | maker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 graven | nsubj |
| 10 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 9 maker | advmod |
| 11 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 graven | aux |
| 12 | graven | grave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 profiteth | ccomp |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 graven | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 image | punct |
| 15 | even | even | ADV | _ | 18 image | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 image | det |
| 17 | molten | molten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 image | amod |
| 18 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 graven | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 teacher | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 teacher | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 teacher | det |
| 22 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 image | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 lies | case |
| 24 | lies | lie | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 teacher | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 trusteth | punct |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 trusteth | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 maker | det |
| 28 | maker | maker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 trusteth | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 work | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 work | nmod:poss |
| 31 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 maker | nmod |
| 32 | trusteth | trust | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 profiteth | advcl |
| 33 | therein | therein | ADV | _ | 32 trusteth | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 make | punct |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 make | mark |
| 36 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 trusteth | advcl |
| 37 | dumb | dumb | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 idols | amod |
| 38 | idols | idol | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 make | obj |
| 39 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 profiteth | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed form=q, act=ask, indirect=1, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | profit | present | the graven image | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | grave | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | grave | present · perfect | the maker | image | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | trust | present | the maker of maker's work | therein property | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | make | to-infinitive | the maker of maker's work not said here | dumb idols | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset idol=Product | ||||
| 6 | work | maker | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מָֽה־הוֹעִ֣יל פֶּ֗סֶל כִּ֤י פְסָלוֹ֙ יֹֽצְר֔וֹ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וּמ֣וֹרֶה שָּׁ֑קֶר כִּ֣י בָטַ֞ח יֹצֵ֤ר יִצְרוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֱלִילִ֥ים אִלְּמִֽים׃ס
Habakkuk 2:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:HAB:38 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.38/