Habakkuk 1:8 · JPS 1917

Their horses also are swifter than leopards, and are more fierce than the wolves of the desert; and their horsemen spread themselves; yea, their horsemen come from far, they fly as a vulture that hasteth to devour.

Who acts: horses, horsemen, places, vulture · What happens: be, spread, come, fly, haste, devour · To what, where: places

This is Habakkuk 1:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, horsemen, places, vulture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 horses	nmod:poss
2	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 swifter	nsubj
3	also	also	ADV	_	5 swifter	advmod
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swifter	cop
5	swifter	swift	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 leopards	case
7	leopards	leopard	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 swifter	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 fierce	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 fierce	cc
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 fierce	cop
11	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 fierce	advmod
12	fierce	fierce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 swifter	conj
13	than	than	ADP	_	15 wolves	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 wolves	det
15	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 fierce	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 desert	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 desert	det
18	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 wolves	nmod
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 spread	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 spread	cc
21	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 horsemen	nmod:poss
22	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 spread	nsubj
23	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swifter	conj
24	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	23 spread	obj
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 come	punct
26	yea	yea	INTJ	_	30 come	discourse
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 yea	punct
28	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 horsemen	nmod:poss
29	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 come	nsubj
30	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swifter	parataxis
31	from	from	ADP	_	32 far	case
32	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	30 come	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 fly	punct
34	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 fly	nsubj
35	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 come	parataxis
36	as	as	ADP	_	38 vulture	case
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 vulture	det
38	vulture	vulture	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 fly	obl
39	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	40 hasteth	nsubj
40	hasteth	haste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 vulture	acl:relcl
41	to	to	PART	_	42 devour	mark
42	devour	devour	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	40 hasteth	advcl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 swifter	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: pos
teacher: changed voice=character

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	places's horses		than leopards; swift property	tree rules
2	is	present	places's horses not said here		than the wolves of the desert; fierce property	tree rules
3	spread	present	places's horsemen	places = place		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location themselves=Theme
4	come	present	places's horsemen			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from far=Initial_Location
5	fly	present	places = place		as a vulture	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	haste	present	a vulture			tree rules
7	devour	to-infinitive	a vulture not said here			vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וְקַלּ֨וּ מִנְּמֵרִ֜ים סוּסָ֗יו וְחַדּוּ֙ מִזְּאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב וּפָ֖שׁוּ פָּֽרָשָׁ֑יו וּפָֽרָשָׁיו֙ מֵרָח֣וֹק יָבֹ֔אוּ יָעֻ֕פוּ כְּנֶ֖שֶׁר חָ֥שׁ לֶאֱכֽוֹל׃

Habakkuk 1:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:HAB:9 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.9/