Hosea 8:7 · JPS 1917
For they sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind; it hath no stalk, the bud that shall yield no meal; if so be it yield, strangers shall swallow it up.
Who acts: shivers, calf, bud, strangers · What happens: sow, reap, have, yield, be, swallow up · To what, where: wind, whirlwind, stalk, meal, calf
This is Hosea 8:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shivers, calf, bud, strangers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 3 sow | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 sow | nsubj |
| 3 | sow | sow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 wind | det |
| 5 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sow | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 reap | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 reap | cc |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 reap | nsubj |
| 9 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 reap | aux |
| 10 | reap | reap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sow | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 whirlwind | det |
| 12 | whirlwind | whirlwind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 reap | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 hath | punct |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 hath | nsubj |
| 15 | hath | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 sow | parataxis |
| 16 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 17 stalk | det |
| 17 | stalk | stalk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hath | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bud | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 bud | det |
| 20 | bud | bud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 stalk | appos |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 yield | nsubj |
| 22 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 yield | aux |
| 23 | yield | yield | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 bud | acl:relcl |
| 24 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 25 meal | det |
| 25 | meal | meal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 yield | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 swallow | punct |
| 27 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 31 yield | mark |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 yield | advmod |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 31 yield | cop |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 yield | nsubj |
| 31 | yield | yield | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 swallow | advcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 yield | punct |
| 33 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 swallow | nsubj |
| 34 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 swallow | aux |
| 35 | swallow | swallow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sow | parataxis |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 swallow | obj |
| 37 | up | up | ADP | _ | 35 swallow | compound:prt |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sow | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sow | present | shivers = shiver | the wind | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wind=Theme | ||||
| 2 | reap | shall | shivers = shiver | the whirlwind | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whirlwind=Theme | ||||
| 3 | have | present | calf | no stalk | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stalk=Patient | ||||
| 4 | yield | shall | the bud | no meal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent meal=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | infinitive | calf | yield property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | swallow up | shall | strangers | calf | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְסוּפָ֣תָה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ קָמָ֣ה אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ צֶ֚מַח בְּלִ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂה־קֶּ֔מַח אוּלַ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה זָרִ֖ים יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ׃
Hosea 8:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:HOS:110 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.110/