Isaiah 1:4 · JPS 1917
Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil-doers, children that deal corruptly; they have forsaken the LORD, they have contemned the Holy One of Israel, they are turned away backward.
Who acts: children, people · What happens: lade, deal, forsake, contemn, turn away · To what, where: people, LORD, Holy One
This is Isaiah 1:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ah | ah | INTJ | _ | 3 nation | discourse |
| 2 | sinful | sinful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 nation | amod |
| 3 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 people | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 people | det |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 nation | appos |
| 7 | laden | lade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 people | acl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 iniquity | case |
| 9 | iniquity | iniquity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 laden | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 seed | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 seed | det |
| 12 | seed | seed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 nation | appos |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 doers | case |
| 14 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 doers | amod |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 evil | punct |
| 16 | doers | doer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 seed | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 children | punct |
| 18 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 nation | appos |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 deal | nsubj |
| 20 | deal | deal | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 children | acl:relcl |
| 21 | corruptly | corruptly | ADV | _ | 20 deal | advmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 forsaken | punct |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 forsaken | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 forsaken | aux |
| 25 | forsaken | forsake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 nation | parataxis |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 LORD | det |
| 27 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 forsaken | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 contemned | punct |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 contemned | nsubj |
| 30 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 contemned | aux |
| 31 | contemned | contemn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 forsaken | parataxis |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 One | det |
| 33 | Holy | Holy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 One | flat |
| 34 | One | One | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 contemned | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Israel | case |
| 36 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 One | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 turned | punct |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 turned | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 turned | aux:pass |
| 40 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 forsaken | parataxis |
| 41 | away | away | ADV | _ | 40 turned | advmod |
| 42 | backward | backward | ADV | _ | 40 turned | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 nation | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lade | participle | a people not said here | with iniquity | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | deal | present | children | corruptly property | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | forsake | present · perfect | people | the LORD | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | contemn | present · perfect | people | the Holy One of Israel | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | turn away | present · passive | people | away, backward property | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
ה֣וֹי ׀ גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר׃
Isaiah 1:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:3 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.3/