Isaiah 1:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: children, people · What happens: lade, deal, forsake, contemn, turn away · To what, where: people, LORD, Holy One
This is Isaiah 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, people — and what happens in the verse to people, LORD, Holy One, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
ה֣וֹי ׀ גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ה֣וֹי | הוֹי | INTJ | _ | 3 גּ֣וֹי | discourse | woe to! |
| 2 | ׀ | ׀ | PUNCT | _ | 1 ה֣וֹי | punct | |
| 3 | גּ֣וֹי | גּוֹי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | a nation |
| 4 | חֹטֵ֗א | חָטָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 3 גּ֣וֹי | nmod | [which] sins |
| 5 | עַ֚ם | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 גּ֣וֹי | appos | a people |
| 6 | כֶּ֣בֶד | כָּבֵד | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 עַ֚ם | amod | heavy |
| 7 | עָוֺ֔ן | עָוֺן | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 כֶּ֣בֶד | compound:smixut | of iniquity |
| 8 | זֶ֣רַע | זֶרַע | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 גּ֣וֹי | appos | offspring |
| 9 | מְרֵעִ֔ים | רָעַע | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur | 8 זֶ֣רַע | compound:smixut | of evil-doers |
| 10 | בָּנִ֖ים | בֵּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 3 גּ֣וֹי | appos | children |
| 11 | מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים | שָׁחַת | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur | 10 בָּנִ֖ים | nmod | [who] behave corruptly |
| 12 | עָזְב֣וּ | עָזַב | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 3 גּ֣וֹי | parataxis | they have forsaken |
| 13 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 14 יְהוָ֗ה | case | (et) |
| 14 | יְהוָ֗ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 12 עָזְב֣וּ | obj | Yahweh |
| 15 | נִֽאֲצ֛וּ | נָאַץ | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | 12 עָזְב֣וּ | parataxis | they have spurned |
| 16 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 17 קְד֥וֹשׁ | case | (et) |
| 17 | קְד֥וֹשׁ | קָדוֹשׁ | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 15 נִֽאֲצ֛וּ | obj | the holy [one] |
| 18 | יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | יִשְׂרָאֵל | PROPN | _ | 17 קְד֥וֹשׁ | compound:smixut | of Israel |
| 19 | נָזֹ֥רוּ | זוּר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 12 עָזְב֣וּ | parataxis | they have become estranged |
| 20 | אָחֽוֹר | אָחוֹר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 19 נָזֹ֥רוּ | obl | back part |
| 21 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 20 אָחֽוֹר | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| חֹטֵא [which] sins | participle active · qal | גּוֹי a nation | |||
| מַשְׁחִיתִים [who] behave corruptly | participle active · hiphil | בָּנִים children | |||
| עָזְבוּ they have forsaken | qatal · qal | גּוֹי a nation | יְהוָה Yahweh | ||
| נִֽאֲצוּ they have spurned | qatal · piel | גּוֹי a nation | קְדוֹשׁ the holy [one] | ||
| נָזֹרוּ they have become estranged | qatal · niphal | גּוֹי a nation |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
וַי עַל דְאִתְקְרִיאוּ עַם קַדִישׁ וַחֲטוֹ כְּנִישָׁא בְחִירָא וְאַסְגִיאוּ חוֹבִין אִתְכְּנִיאוּ בְזַרְעָא רְחִימָא וְאַבְאִישׁוּ אִתְאַמַר לְהוֹן בְּנִין חֲבִיבִין וְחַבִּילוּ אוֹרְחָתְהוֹן שְׁבַקוּ יַת פּוּלְחָנָא דַייָ קָצוּ בְּדַחֲלַת קַדִישָׁא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְדִיל עוֹבְדֵיהוֹן בִּישַׁיָא אִסְתְּחֲרוּ וַהֲווֹ לְאַחוֹרָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:3.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.4/