Isaiah 14:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2
How art thou cut down to the ground, that didst cast lots over the nations!
What happens: cut down, cast · To what, where: thou, lots, nations
This is Isaiah 14:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 cut | advmod |
| 2 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 cut | aux:pass |
| 3 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 4 cut | compound:prt |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 ground | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ground | det |
| 8 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cut | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 cut | punct |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 cast | nsubj |
| 11 | didst | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 cast | aux |
| 12 | cast | cast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 thou | acl:relcl |
| 13 | lots | lot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 cast | obj |
| 14 | over | over | ADP | _ | 16 nations | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 nations | det |
| 16 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 cast | obl |
| 17 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- exclamation
- act
- express
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=express, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut down | present · passive | thou | to the ground result | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to ground=Result | ||||
| 2 | cast | past · do-support | lots | the nations | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent lot=Theme over nation=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן־שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חוֹלֵ֖שׁ עַל־גּוֹיִֽם׃
Isaiah 14:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- How art thou fallen from heaven, O day-star, son of the morning!
- How art thou cut down to the ground, that didst cast lots over the nations!
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:312 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.312/