Isaiah 2:4 · JPS 1917
And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.
Who acts: mountain, peoples, nation · What happens: judge, decide, beat, not lift up, learn · To what, where: swords, plowshares, sword, nation, war
This is Isaiah 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain, peoples, nation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 judge | cc |
| 2 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 judge | nsubj |
| 3 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 judge | aux |
| 4 | judge | judge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | between | between | ADP | _ | 7 nations | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 nations | det |
| 7 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 judge | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 decide | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 decide | cc |
| 10 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 decide | aux |
| 11 | decide | decide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 judge | conj |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 peoples | case |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 peoples | amod |
| 14 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 decide | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 beat | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 beat | cc |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 beat | nsubj |
| 18 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 beat | aux |
| 19 | beat | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 judge | conj |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 swords | nmod:poss |
| 21 | swords | sword | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 beat | obj |
| 22 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 plowshares | case |
| 23 | plowshares | plowshare | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 beat | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 spears | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 spears | cc |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 spears | nmod:poss |
| 27 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 beat | obj |
| 28 | into | into | ADP | _ | 29 pruninghooks | case |
| 29 | pruninghooks | pruninghook | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 spears | nmod |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 lift | punct |
| 31 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 lift | nsubj |
| 32 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 lift | aux |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 lift | advmod |
| 34 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 judge | conj |
| 35 | up | up | ADP | _ | 34 lift | compound:prt |
| 36 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 lift | obj |
| 37 | against | against | ADP | _ | 38 nation | case |
| 38 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 lift | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 learn | punct |
| 40 | neither | neither | CCONJ | _ | 43 learn | cc |
| 41 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 learn | aux |
| 42 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 learn | nsubj |
| 43 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 lift | conj |
| 44 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 learn | obj |
| 45 | any | any | ADV | _ | 46 more | advmod |
| 46 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 43 learn | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 judge | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | judge | shall | mountain | between the nations | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | decide | shall | mountain not said here | for many peoples | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | beat | shall | peoples = people | peoples's swords | plowshares | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient spear=Result | |||
| 4 | not lift up | shall | nation | sword | nation | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sword=Theme against nation=Destination | |||
| 5 | learn | shall | peoples = people | war | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃פ
Isaiah 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:36 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.36/