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Isaiah 18:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide!

Who acts: you, nation, rivers, people · What happens: go, be, tread down, divide, begin · To what, where: people, nation, land

This is Isaiah 18:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, nation, rivers, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

punctnmod:possamodvocativepunctcasedetoblamodcccaseamodconjpunctcasedetoblamodcasenmod:possobladvmodpunctdetparataxisnsubjcopacl:relclccconjcompound:prtpunctnmod:possobjdetnsubjacl:relclpunctrootGoVERB,PUNCTyePRONswiftADJmessengersNOUN,PUNCTtoADPaDETnationNOUNtallADJandCCONJofADPglossyADJskinNOUN,PUNCTtoADPaDETpeopleNOUNterribleADJfromADPtheirPRONbeginningNOUNonwardADV;PUNCTaDETnationNOUNthatPRONisAUXsturdyADJandCCONJtreadethVERBdownADP,PUNCTwhosePRONlandNOUNtheDETriversNOUNdivideVERB!PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1GogoVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Finrootroot
2,,PUNCT_5 messengerspunct
3yeyePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch5 messengersnmod:poss
4swiftswiftADJDegree=Pos5 messengersamod
5messengersmessengerNOUNNumber=Plur1 Govocative
6,,PUNCT_9 nationpunct
7totoADP_9 nationcase
8aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art9 nationdet
9nationnationNOUNNumber=Sing1 Goobl
10talltallADJDegree=Pos9 nationamod
11andandCCONJ_14 skincc
12ofofADP_14 skincase
13glossyglossyADJDegree=Pos14 skinamod
14skinskinNOUNNumber=Sing10 tallconj
15,,PUNCT_18 peoplepunct
16totoADP_18 peoplecase
17aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art18 peopledet
18peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur1 Goobl
19terribleterribleADJDegree=Pos18 peopleamod
20fromfromADP_22 beginningcase
21theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs22 beginningnmod:poss
22beginningbeginningNOUNNumber=Sing19 terribleobl
23onwardonwardADV_22 beginningadvmod
24;;PUNCT_26 nationpunct
25aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art26 nationdet
26nationnationNOUNNumber=Sing1 Goparataxis
27thatthatPRONPronType=Rel29 sturdynsubj
28isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin29 sturdycop
29sturdysturdyADJDegree=Pos26 nationacl:relcl
30andandCCONJ_31 treadethcc
31treadethtreadVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin29 sturdyconj
32downdownADP_31 treadethcompound:prt
33,,PUNCT_38 dividepunct
34whosewhosePRONPoss=Yes PronType=Rel35 landnmod:poss
35landlandNOUNNumber=Sing38 divideobj
36thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art37 riversdet
37riversriverNOUNNumber=Plur38 dividensubj
38dividedivideVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin26 nationacl:relcl
39!!PUNCT_1 Gopunct

Pragmatics

form
command
act
request
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
changed polarity=none
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1goimperativeyou not said herea peoplea nationye's swift messengers vocativevn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to nation=Initial_Location to people=Destination
2ispresenta nationsturdy propertytree rules
3tread downpresenta nation not said herevn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4dividepresentthe riverslandvn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme
5beginpeoplenom beginning «event transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

הַשֹּׁלֵ֨חַ בַּיָּ֜ם צִירִ֗ים וּבִכְלֵי־גֹמֶא֮ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַיִם֒ לְכ֣וּ ׀ מַלְאָכִ֣ים קַלִּ֗ים אֶל־גּוֹי֙ מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ וּמוֹרָ֔ט אֶל־עַ֥ם נוֹרָ֖א מִן־ה֣וּא וָהָ֑לְאָה גּ֚וֹי קַו־קָ֣ו וּמְבוּסָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּזְא֥וּ נְהָרִ֖ים אַרְצֽוֹ׃

Isaiah 18:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

This verse in JPS 1917:

  1. That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon the waters!
  2. Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide!

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:377 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.377/