Isaiah 21:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2
And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.'
Who acts: Lord · What happens: speak, say, fall, be, break, image · To what, where: Babylon, graven images, gods · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Isaiah 21:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 spoke | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 spoke | nsubj |
| 3 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 said | cc |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 spoke | conj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 Babylon | punct |
| 7 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 Fallen | punct |
| 8 | Fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 Babylon | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Fallen | punct |
| 10 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 Fallen | conj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 Babylon | cop |
| 12 | Babylon | Babylon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | ccomp |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 broken | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 broken | cc |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 images | det:predet |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 images | det |
| 17 | graven | graven | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 images | amod |
| 18 | images | image | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 gods | case |
| 20 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 gods | nmod:poss |
| 21 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 images | nmod |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 broken | aux:pass |
| 23 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 said | conj |
| 24 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 26 ground | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ground | det |
| 26 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 broken | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spoke | punct |
| 28 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 spoke | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Lord | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Lord not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | is a | present | Babylon | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | break | present · passive | all graven images of Babylon's gods | unto the ground | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 7 | image | Babylon's gods | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְהִנֵּה־זֶ֥ה בָא֙ רֶ֣כֶב אִ֔ישׁ צֶ֖מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּ֣עַן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָפְלָ֤ה נָֽפְלָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְכָל־פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ שִׁבַּ֥ר לָאָֽרֶץ׃
Isaiah 21:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- And, behold, there came a troop of men, horsemen by pairs.
- And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.'
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:428 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.428/