Isaiah 22:16 · JPS 1917
What hast thou here, and whom hast thou here, that thou hast hewed thee out here a sepulchre, thou that hewest thee out a sepulchre on high, and gravest a habitation for thyself in the rock?
Who acts: thou · What happens: hew out, grave · To what, where: thee, high, habitation, rock
This is Isaiah 22:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 here | obj |
| 2 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 here | aux |
| 3 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 here | nsubj |
| 4 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 hast | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 hast | cc |
| 7 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Int | 8 hast | obj |
| 8 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 here | conj |
| 9 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 8 hast | nsubj |
| 10 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 hast | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 hewed | punct |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 hewed | mark |
| 13 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 15 hewed | nsubj |
| 14 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 hewed | aux |
| 15 | hewed | hew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 here | advcl |
| 16 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 15 hewed | obj |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 15 hewed | compound:prt |
| 18 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 hewed | advmod |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 sepulchre | det |
| 20 | sepulchre | sepulchre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hewed | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 thou | punct |
| 22 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 13 thou | appos |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 hewest | nsubj |
| 24 | hewest | hew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 thou | acl:relcl |
| 25 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 24 hewest | obj |
| 26 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 hewest | compound:prt |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 sepulchre | det |
| 28 | sepulchre | sepulchre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 hewest | obj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 high | case |
| 30 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 hewest | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 gravest | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 gravest | cc |
| 33 | gravest | grave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 hewest | conj |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 habitation | det |
| 35 | habitation | habitation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 gravest | obj |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 thyself | case |
| 37 | thyself | thyself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes Style=Arch | 33 gravest | obl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 rock | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 rock | det |
| 40 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 gravest | obl |
| 41 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 here | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hew out | present · perfect | thou | thee | here | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient sepulchre=Result | |||
| 2 | hew out | present | thee | high | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient sepulchre=Result | ||||
| 3 | grave | present | a habitation | the rock | for thyself | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מַה־לְּךָ֥ פֹה֙ וּמִ֣י לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה כִּֽי־חָצַ֧בְתָּ לְּךָ֛ פֹּ֖ה קָ֑בֶר חֹצְבִ֤י מָרוֹם֙ קִבְר֔וֹ חֹקְקִ֥י בַסֶּ֖לַע מִשְׁכָּ֥ן לֽוֹ׃
Isaiah 22:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:458 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.458/