Isaiah 2:15 · JPS 1917
And upon every lofty tower, and upon every fortified wall;
What happens: fortify
This is Isaiah 2:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 tower | cc |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 5 tower | case |
| 3 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 tower | det |
| 4 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tower | amod |
| 5 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 wall | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 wall | cc |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 11 wall | case |
| 9 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 wall | det |
| 10 | fortified | fortify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 wall | amod |
| 11 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tower | conj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 5 tower | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- fragment
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=frag
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fortify | participle | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְעַ֖ל כָּל־מִגְדָּ֣ל גָּבֹ֑הַוְעַ֖ל כָּל־חוֹמָ֥ה בְצוּרָֽה׃
Isaiah 2:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:47 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.47/