Isaiah 25:2 · JPS 1917

For Thou hast made of a city a heap, of a fortified city a ruin; a castle of strangers to be no city, it shall never be built.

Who acts: Thou · What happens: make, fortify, be, not build · To what, where: heap, city, castle

This is Isaiah 25:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	For	for	SCONJ	_	4 made	mark
2	Thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	4 made	nsubj
3	hast	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	31 built	advcl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 city	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 city	det
7	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 heap	det
9	heap	heap	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 city	punct
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 city	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 city	det
13	fortified	fortify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 city	amod
14	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 ruin	det
16	ruin	ruin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 castle	punct
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 castle	det
19	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 built	nsubj:pass
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 strangers	case
21	strangers	stranger	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 castle	nmod
22	to	to	PART	_	25 city	mark
23	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 city	cop
24	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	25 city	det
25	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 castle	acl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 castle	punct
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 built	nsubj:pass
28	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 built	aux
29	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	31 built	advmod
30	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	31 built	aux:pass
31	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	31 built	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present · perfect	Thou	a heap	of a city; of a fortified city	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset heap=Beneficiary ruin=Product
2	fortify	participle				vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme
3	is a	to-infinitive		no city		tree rules
4	not build	shall · passive		a castle of strangers		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

כִּ֣י שַׂ֤מְתָּ מֵעִיר֙ לַגָּ֔ל קִרְיָ֥ה בְצוּרָ֖ה לְמַפֵּלָ֑ה אַרְמ֤וֹן זָרִים֙ מֵעִ֔יר לְעוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א יִבָּנֶֽה׃

Isaiah 25:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:512 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.512/