Isaiah 28:16 · JPS 1917
Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly corner-stone of sure foundation; he that believeth shall not make haste.
Who acts: Lord GOD, I, GOD · What happens: say, lay, try, believe, not make · To what, where: stone, Zion, haste · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Isaiah 28:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord GOD, I, GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 3 saith | advmod |
| 2 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 3 saith | advmod |
| 3 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 GOD | det |
| 5 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 GOD | compound |
| 6 | GOD | GOD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saith | nsubj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 lay | punct |
| 8 | Behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 11 lay | discourse |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Behold | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 lay | nsubj |
| 11 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 saith | parataxis |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 Zion | case |
| 13 | Zion | Zion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 lay | obl |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 foundation | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 foundation | det |
| 16 | foundation | foundation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lay | obl |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 stone | det |
| 18 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lay | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 stone | punct |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 stone | det |
| 21 | tried | try | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 stone | amod |
| 22 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 stone | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 stone | punct |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 stone | det |
| 25 | costly | costly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 stone | amod |
| 26 | corner | corner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stone | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 corner | punct |
| 28 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 stone | appos |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 foundation | case |
| 30 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 foundation | amod |
| 31 | foundation | foundation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stone | nmod |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 make | punct |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 make | nsubj |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 believeth | nsubj |
| 35 | believeth | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 he | acl:relcl |
| 36 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 make | aux |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 make | advmod |
| 38 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 saith | parataxis |
| 39 | haste | haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 make | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saith | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the Lord GOD | therefore, thus property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | lay | past | I | a stone and a tried stone | Zion | for a foundation | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent stone=Result for foundation=Beneficiary | ||
| 3 | try | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | believe | present | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | not make | shall | GOD | haste | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haste=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י יִסַּ֥ד בְּצִיּ֖וֹן אָ֑בֶן אֶ֣בֶן בֹּ֜חַן פִּנַּ֤ת יִקְרַת֙ מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָּ֔ד הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין לֹ֥א יָחִֽישׁ׃
Isaiah 28:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:576 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.576/