Isaiah 31:4 · JPS 1917
For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion, growling over his prey, though a multitude of shepherds be called forth against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them; so will the LORD of hosts come down to fight upon mount Zion, and upon the hill thereof.
Who acts: LORD, young lion, shepherds · What happens: say, growl, call, not dismay, abase, come down · To what, where: prey, multitude, voice, LORD · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Isaiah 31:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, young lion, shepherds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 3 saith | mark |
| 2 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 3 saith | advmod |
| 3 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 LORD | det |
| 5 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 saith | nsubj |
| 6 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 7 me | case |
| 7 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 saith | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 lion | punct |
| 9 | Like | like | ADP | _ | 12 lion | case |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 Like | fixed |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 lion | det |
| 12 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 dismayed | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 lion | punct |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 lion | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 lion | det |
| 16 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 lion | amod |
| 17 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lion | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 growling | punct |
| 19 | growling | growl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 lion | acl |
| 20 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 prey | case |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 prey | nmod:poss |
| 22 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 growling | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 called | punct |
| 24 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 30 called | mark |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 multitude | det |
| 26 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 called | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 shepherds | case |
| 28 | shepherds | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 multitude | nmod |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 called | aux:pass |
| 30 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 dismayed | advcl |
| 31 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 30 called | advmod |
| 32 | against | against | ADP | _ | 33 him | case |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 called | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 called | punct |
| 35 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 dismayed | aux |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 dismayed | advmod |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 dismayed | aux:pass |
| 38 | dismayed | dismay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 saith | parataxis |
| 39 | at | at | ADP | _ | 41 voice | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 voice | nmod:poss |
| 41 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 dismayed | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 abase | punct |
| 43 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 44 abase | cc |
| 44 | abase | abase | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 dismayed | conj |
| 45 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 44 abase | obj |
| 46 | for | for | ADP | _ | 48 noise | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 noise | det |
| 48 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 abase | obl |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 them | case |
| 50 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 noise | nmod |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 come | punct |
| 52 | so | so | ADV | _ | 58 come | advmod |
| 53 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 come | aux |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 LORD | det |
| 55 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 come | nsubj |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 hosts | case |
| 57 | hosts | host | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 LORD | nmod |
| 58 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 saith | parataxis |
| 59 | down | down | ADV | _ | 58 come | advmod |
| 60 | to | to | PART | _ | 61 fight | mark |
| 61 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 come | advcl |
| 62 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 63 mount | case |
| 63 | mount | mount | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 fight | obl |
| 64 | Zion | zion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 mount | flat |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 hill | punct |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 hill | cc |
| 67 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 69 hill | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 hill | det |
| 69 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 mount | conj |
| 70 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 69 hill | advmod |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saith | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the LORD | unto me; thus property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | growl | gerund | the young lion not said here | LORD's prey | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over prey=Location | ||||
| 3 | call | infinitive · passive | a multitude of shepherds | against LORD; forth property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | not dismay | future · passive | shepherds's voice | like the lion or the young lion | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | ||||
| 5 | abase | infinitive | LORD | for the noise of shepherds | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient | ||||
| 6 | come down | future | the LORD of hosts | down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | fight | to-infinitive | the LORD of hosts not said here | upon mount and the hill | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | noise | shepherds = shepherd | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֵלַ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶהְגֶּה֩ הָאַרְיֵ֨ה וְהַכְּפִ֜יר עַל־טַרְפּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִקָּרֵ֤א עָלָיו֙ מְלֹ֣א רֹעִ֔ים מִקּוֹלָם֙ לֹ֣א יֵחָ֔ת וּמֵֽהֲמוֹנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יַֽעֲנֶ֑ה כֵּ֗ן יֵרֵד֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לִצְבֹּ֥א עַל־הַר־צִיּ֖וֹן וְעַל־גִּבְעָתָֽהּ׃
Isaiah 31:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:655 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.655/