Isaiah 41:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right?

Who acts: we, potter · What happens: declare, know, say, be · To what, where: beginning · Speech: someone speaks here

This is Isaiah 41:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, potter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Int	3 declared	nsubj
2	hath	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 declared	aux
3	declared	declare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 beginning	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 beginning	det
6	beginning	beginning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 declared	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 know	punct
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 know	mark
9	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 know	nsubj
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 know	aux
11	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 declared	ccomp
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	11 know	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 say	cc
14	beforetime	beforetime	ADV	_	19 say	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 say	punct
16	that	that	SCONJ	_	19 say	mark
17	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 say	nsubj
18	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 say	aux
19	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 declared	conj
20	that	that	SCONJ	_	23 right	mark
21	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 right	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 right	cop
23	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 say	ccomp
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 declared	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=ask, form=q

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	declare speech: other	present · perfect		from the beginning		vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	know	may	we			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	say speech: assert	may	we		beforetime property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	potter		right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

מִֽי־הִגִּ֤יד מֵרֹאשׁ֙ וְנֵדָ֔עָה וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים וְנֹאמַ֣ר צַדִּ֑יק אַ֣ף אֵין־מַגִּ֗יד אַ֚ף אֵ֣ין מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ אַ֥ף אֵין־שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵיכֶֽם׃

Isaiah 41:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

This verse in JPS 1917:

Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right?
Yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that announceth, yea, there is none that heareth your utterances.

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:902 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.902/