Isaiah 43:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
All the nations are gathered together, and the peoples are assembled; who among them can declare this, and announce to us former things?
What happens: gather, assemble, declare, announce · To what, where: nations, peoples, this, former things, us
This is Isaiah 43:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 nations | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 nations | det |
| 3 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 gathered | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 gathered | aux:pass |
| 5 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | together | together | ADV | _ | 5 gathered | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 assembled | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 assembled | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 peoples | det |
| 10 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 assembled | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 assembled | aux:pass |
| 12 | assembled | assemble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 gathered | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 declare | punct |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 declare | nsubj |
| 15 | among | among | ADP | _ | 16 them | case |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 who | nmod |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 declare | aux |
| 18 | declare | declare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 gathered | parataxis |
| 19 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 declare | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 announce | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 announce | cc |
| 22 | announce | announce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 declare | conj |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 us | case |
| 24 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 announce | obl |
| 25 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 things | amod |
| 26 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 announce | obj |
| 27 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 gathered | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed form=q, act=ask, indirect=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gather | present · passive | all nations | together property | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | assemble | present · passive | the peoples | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | declare speech: other | can | this | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | announce speech: other | infinitive | former things | us | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thing=Theme to we=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כָּֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֞ם נִקְבְּצ֣וּ יַחְדָּ֗ו וְיֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים מִ֤י בָהֶם֙ יַגִּ֣יד זֹ֔את וְרִֽאשֹׁנ֖וֹת יַשְׁמִיעֻ֑נוּ יִתְּנ֤וּ עֵֽדֵיהֶם֙ וְיִצְדָּ֔קוּ וְיִשְׁמְע֖וּ וְיֹאמְר֥וּ אֱמֶֽת׃
Isaiah 43:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- All the nations are gathered together, and the peoples are assembled; who among them can declare this, and announce to us former things?
- Let them bring their witnesses, that they may be justified; and let them hear, and say: 'It is truth.'
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:946 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.946/