Isaiah 44:9 · JPS 1917
They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.
Who acts: delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses · What happens: fashion, be, not profit, not see, know · To what, where: graven image, all
This is Isaiah 44:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 vanity | nsubj |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 fashion | nsubj |
| 3 | fashion | fashion | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 They | acl:relcl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 image | det |
| 5 | graven | grave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 image | amod |
| 6 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fashion | obj |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 all | cop |
| 8 | all | all | PRON | PronType=Tot | 1 They | appos |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 them | case |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 all | nmod |
| 11 | vanity | vanity | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 profit | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 profit | cc |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 things | nmod:poss |
| 15 | delectable | delectable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 things | amod |
| 16 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 profit | nsubj |
| 17 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 profit | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 profit | advmod |
| 19 | profit | profit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 vanity | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 see | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 see | cc |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 witnesses | nmod:poss |
| 23 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 witnesses | amod |
| 24 | witnesses | witness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 see | nsubj |
| 25 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 vanity | conj |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 see | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 know | punct |
| 28 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 29 know | cc |
| 29 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 see | conj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 ashamed | punct |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 ashamed | mark |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 ashamed | nsubj |
| 33 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 ashamed | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 ashamed | cop |
| 35 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 see | advcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 vanity | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fashion | present | a graven image | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent image=Product | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | all | of witnesses = witness | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not profit | shall | witnesses's delectable things | vn benefit-72.2 «NP V»: agent=Beneficiary | |||||
| 4 | not see | present | witnesses's own witnesses | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | know | infinitive | witnesses's own witnesses not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is | may | witnesses = witness | ashamed property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
יֹֽצְרֵי־פֶ֤סֶל כֻּלָּם֙ תֹּ֔הוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם בַּל־יוֹעִ֑ילוּ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄבַּל־יִרְא֛וּ וּבַל־יֵדְע֖וּ לְמַ֥עַן יֵבֹֽשׁוּ׃
Isaiah 44:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:981 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.981/