Isaiah 44:9 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses · What happens: fashion, be, not profit, not see, know · To what, where: graven image, all

This is Isaiah 44:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses — and what happens in the verse to graven image, all, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

יֹֽצְרֵי־פֶ֤סֶל כֻּלָּם֙ תֹּ֔הוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם בַּל־יוֹעִ֑ילוּ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄבַּל־יִרְא֛וּ וּבַל־יֵדְע֖וּ לְמַ֥עַן יֵבֹֽשׁוּ׃

They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	יֹֽצְרֵי־	יָצַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	5 תֹּ֔הוּ	dislocated	[those who] form
2	פֶ֤סֶל	פֶּסֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 יֹֽצְרֵי־	compound:smixut	(of) an idol
3	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 תֹּ֔הוּ	nsubj	of them
4	ָם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
5	תֹּ֔הוּ	תֹּהוּ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	[are] nothingness
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יוֹעִ֑ילוּ	cc	and
7	חֲמוּדֵי	חָמַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	10 יוֹעִ֑ילוּ	nsubj	their desired
8	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 חֲמוּדֵי	nmod:poss	[things]
9	בַּל־	בַּל	ADV	_	10 יוֹעִ֑ילוּ	advmod	not
10	יוֹעִ֑ילוּ	יָעַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	5 תֹּ֔הוּ	conj	they confer profit
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 עֵדֵי	cc	and
12	עֵדֵי	עֵד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 תֹּ֔הוּ	conj	witnesses
13	הֶ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 עֵדֵי	nmod:poss	their
14	הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄ	הֵמָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 עֵדֵי	nsubj	they
15	בַּל־	בַּל	ADV	_	16 יִרְא֛וּ	advmod	not
16	יִרְא֛וּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 תֹּ֔הוּ	parataxis	they see
17	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יֵדְע֖וּ	cc	and
18	בַל־	בַּל	ADV	_	19 יֵדְע֖וּ	advmod	not
19	יֵדְע֖וּ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	16 יִרְא֛וּ	conj	they know
20	לְמַ֥עַן	לְמַעַן	SCONJ	_	21 יֵבֹֽשׁוּ	mark	so that
21	יֵבֹֽשׁוּ	בּוֹשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	16 יִרְא֛וּ	parataxis	they may be ashamed
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 יֵבֹֽשׁוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹֽצְרֵי־ [those who] form	participle active · qal		פֶסֶל (of) an idol
not יוֹעִילוּ they confer profit	yiqtol · hiphil	חֲמוּדֵי their desired
not יִרְאוּ they see	yiqtol · qal	יֹֽצְרֵי־ [those who] form
not יֵדְעוּ they know	yiqtol · qal	יֹֽצְרֵי־ [those who] form
יֵבֹֽשׁוּ they may be ashamed	yiqtol · qal	יֹֽצְרֵי־ [those who] form

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַבְדֵי צַלְמַיָא כּוּלְהוֹן לְמָא וּפָלְחֵיהוֹן דְלָא יַהֲנוּן לְהוֹן וְסָהֲדִין אִינוּן בְּנַפְשָׁתֵיהוֹן דְלָא חָזָן וְלָא יָדְעִין בְּדִין דְיִבַּהֲתוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:887.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.9/