Isaiah 44:10 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: image · What happens: fashion, melt, be · To what, where: god, image
This is Isaiah 44:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — image — and what happens in the verse to god, image, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מִֽי־יָצַ֥ר אֵ֖ל וּפֶ֣סֶל נָסָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הוֹעִֽיל׃
Who hath fashioned a god, or molten an image that is profitable for nothing?
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִֽי־ | מִי | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 יָצַ֥ר | nsubj | who? |
| 2 | יָצַ֥ר | יָצַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | has he formed |
| 3 | אֵ֖ל | אֵל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 יָצַ֥ר | obj | a god |
| 4 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 6 נָסָ֑ךְ | cc | and |
| 5 | פֶ֣סֶל | פֶּסֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 נָסָ֑ךְ | obj | an idol |
| 6 | נָסָ֑ךְ | נָסַךְ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יָצַ֥ר | conj | has he cast? |
| 7 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 9 הוֹעִֽיל | case | to |
| 8 | בִלְתִּ֖י | בֵּלֶת | ADP | _ | 9 הוֹעִֽיל | advmod | not |
| 9 | הוֹעִֽיל | יָעַל | VERB | HebBinyan=HIPHIL | 2 יָצַ֥ר | parataxis | to confer profit |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 הוֹעִֽיל | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יָצַר has he formed | qatal · qal | מִֽי־ who? | אֵל a god | ||
| נָסָךְ has he cast? | qatal · qal | מִֽי־ who? | פֶסֶל an idol | ||
| הוֹעִֽיל to confer profit | infinitive construct · hiphil | מִֽי־ who? |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
מַן עֲבַד דַחֲלָא וְצַלְמָא אַתִיךְ בְּדִיל דְלָא לַהֲנָאָה:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:888.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.10/