Isaiah 44:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: ye, I, God, Rock · What happens: not fear, be, not announce, declare, not know · To what, where: old, witnesses, any

This is Isaiah 44:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I, God, Rock — and what happens in the verse to old, witnesses, any, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אַֽל־תִּפְחֲדוּ֙ וְאַל־תִּרְה֔וּ הֲלֹ֥א מֵאָ֛ז הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥יךָ וְהִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְאַתֶּ֣ם עֵדָ֑י הֲיֵ֤שׁ אֱל֙וֹהַּ֙ מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י וְאֵ֥ין צ֖וּר בַּל־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃

Fear ye not, neither be afraid; have I not announced unto thee of old, and declared it? And ye are My witnesses. Is there a God beside Me? Yea, there is no Rock; I know not any.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אַֽל־	אַל	ADV	_	2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	advmod	do not
2	תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	פָּחַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	be in dread
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 תִּרְה֔וּ	cc	and
4	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	5 תִּרְה֔וּ	advmod	do not
5	תִּרְה֔וּ	ירה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	conj	fear
6	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	10 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥י	advmod	?
7	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	10 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥י	advmod	not
8	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	9 אָ֛ז	case	from
9	אָ֛ז	אָז	ADV	_	10 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥י	obl	then
10	הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥י	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	parataxis	did
11	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥י	obj	I proclaim to you
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 הִגַּ֖דְתִּי	cc	and
13	הִגַּ֖דְתִּי	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	10 הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥י	conj	did I declare
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 עֵד	cc	and
15	אַתֶּ֣ם	אַתֶּם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 עֵד	nsubj	you
16	עֵד	עֵד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	conj	witnesses
17	ָ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 עֵד	nmod:poss	[are] my
18	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	19 יֵ֤שׁ	advmod	[is]
19	יֵ֤שׁ	יֵשׁ	ADV	_	2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	parataxis	there?
20	אֱל֙וֹהַּ֙	אֱלֹוהַּ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יֵ֤שׁ	nsubj	a god
21	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	23 ַ֔י	case	(from)
22	בַּלְעָד	בִּלְעֲדֵי	ADP	_	23 ַ֔י	case	except
23	ַ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 יֵ֤שׁ	obl	me
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 אֵ֥ין	cc	and
25	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	conj	there [is] not
26	צ֖וּר	צוּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	a rock
27	בַּל־	בַּל	ADV	_	28 יָדָֽעְתִּי	advmod	not
28	יָדָֽעְתִּי	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 תִּפְחֲדוּ֙	parataxis	I know
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 יָדָֽעְתִּי	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
not תִּפְחֲדוּ be in dread	jussive · qal
not תִּרְהוּ fear	jussive · qal
not הִשְׁמַעְתִּי did	qatal · hiphil	ךָ I proclaim to you
הִגַּדְתִּי did I declare	qatal · hiphil
not יָדָֽעְתִּי I know	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

לָא תִדַחֲלוּן וְלָא תִתַּבְּרוּן הֲלָא מִבְּכֵן בְסַרְתָּךְ וְחַוֵיתִי וְאַתּוּן סָהֲדִין קֳדָמַי הֲאִית אֱלָהָא בַּר מִנִי וְלֵית דְתַקִיף אֱלָהֵן דְמִן קֳדָמַי מִתְיְהַב לֵיהּ תְּקוֹף:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:886.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.8/