Judges 21:18 · JPS 1917
Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters.' For the children of Israel had sworn, saying: 'Cursed be he that giveth a wife to Benjamin.'
Who acts: we, children · What happens: not give, swear, say, curse, give · To what, where: wives, women, Israel, wife, Benjamin · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Judges 21:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Howbeit | howbeit | ADV | _ | 5 give | advmod |
| 2 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 give | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 give | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 give | advmod |
| 5 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 give | iobj |
| 7 | wives | wife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 give | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 daughters | case |
| 9 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 daughters | nmod:poss |
| 10 | daughters | daughter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 wives | nmod |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 give | punct |
| 12 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 give | punct |
| 13 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 19 sworn | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 children | det |
| 15 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 sworn | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Israel | case |
| 17 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 children | nmod |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 sworn | aux |
| 19 | sworn | swear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 give | advcl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 saying | punct |
| 21 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 sworn | advcl |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 Cursed | punct |
| 23 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 24 Cursed | punct |
| 24 | Cursed | curse | VERB | Mood=Imp Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 saying | ccomp |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | Mood=Sub VerbForm=Fin | 24 Cursed | aux:pass |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 Cursed | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 giveth | nsubj |
| 28 | giveth | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 he | acl:relcl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 wife | det |
| 30 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 giveth | obj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 Benjamin | case |
| 32 | Benjamin | Benjamin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 giveth | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 Cursed | punct |
| 34 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 24 Cursed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not give | may | we | wives of our daughters | women = woman | howbeit property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient wife=Theme | ||
| 2 | swear | past · perfect | the children of Israel | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | the children of Israel not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | curse | infinitive · passive | Israel | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | give | present | a wife | Benjamin | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent wife=Theme to benjamin=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֛ל לָתֵת־לָהֶ֥ם נָשִׁ֖ים מִבְּנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֕וּר נֹתֵ֥ן אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃ס
Judges 21:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JDG:646 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.646/