Jeremiah 41:18 · JPS 1917
because of the Chaldeans; for they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land.
Who acts: Johanan, Ishmael, king · What happens: be, slay, make · To what, where: Gedaliah, governor, son, land
This is Jeremiah 41:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Johanan, Ishmael, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 4 Chaldeans | case |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 1 because | fixed |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Chaldeans | det |
| 4 | Chaldeans | chaldean | PROPN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 afraid | punct |
| 6 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 afraid | mark |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 afraid | nsubj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 afraid | cop |
| 9 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Chaldeans | parataxis |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 them | case |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 afraid | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 afraid | punct |
| 13 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 20 slain | mark |
| 14 | Ishmael | Ishmael | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 slain | nsubj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 son | det |
| 16 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Ishmael | appos |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Nethaniah | case |
| 18 | Nethaniah | Nethaniah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 son | nmod |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 slain | aux |
| 20 | slain | slay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 afraid | advcl |
| 21 | Gedaliah | Gedaliah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 slain | obj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 son | det |
| 23 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Gedaliah | appos |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Ahikam | case |
| 25 | Ahikam | Ahikam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 son | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 made | punct |
| 27 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 made | obj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 king | det |
| 29 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 made | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Babylon | case |
| 31 | Babylon | Babylon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 king | nmod |
| 32 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 son | acl:relcl |
| 33 | governor | governor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 made | obj |
| 34 | over | over | ADP | _ | 36 land | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 land | det |
| 36 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 made | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 Chaldeans | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Johanan | of Chaldeans = chaldean; afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | slay | past · perfect | Ishmael | Gedaliah | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gedaliah=Patient | ||||
| 3 | make | past | the king of Babylon | governor | the son of Ahikam | the land | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset whom=Beneficiary governor=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
מִפְּנֵי֙ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים כִּ֥י יָרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הִכָּ֞ה יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֗ה אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִפְקִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ס
Jeremiah 41:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:1127 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1127/