Jeremiah 41:18 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: Johanan, Ishmael, king · What happens: be, slay, make · To what, where: Gedaliah, governor, son, land

This is Jeremiah 41:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Johanan, Ishmael, king — and what happens in the verse to Gedaliah, governor, son, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מִפְּנֵי֙ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים כִּ֥י יָרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הִכָּ֞ה יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֗ה אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִפְקִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ס

because of the Chaldeans; for they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	2 פְּנֵי֙	case	because
2	פְּנֵי֙	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root	of
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים	det	the
4	כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים	כַּשְׂדִּים	PROPN	_	2 פְּנֵי֙	compound:smixut	Chaldeans
5	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 יָרְא֖וּ	mark	(dm)
6	יָרְא֖וּ	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 פְּנֵי֙	advcl	they were afraid
7	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	8 פְּנֵי	case	of
8	פְּנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 יָרְא֖וּ	obl
9	הֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 פְּנֵי	nmod:poss	them
10	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	11 הִכָּ֞ה	mark	(dm)
11	הִכָּ֞ה	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 פְּנֵי֙	advcl	he had struck down
12	יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל	יִשְׁמָעֵאל	PROPN	_	11 הִכָּ֞ה	nsubj	Ishmael
13	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל	appos	the son
14	נְתַנְיָ֗ה	נְתַנְיָה	PROPN	_	13 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Nethaniah
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙	case	(et)
16	גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙	גְּדַלְיָהוּ	PROPN	_	11 הִכָּ֞ה	obj	Gedaliah
17	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙	appos	the son
18	אֲחִיקָ֔ם	אֲחִיקָם	PROPN	_	17 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Ahikam
19	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	20 הִפְקִ֥יד	mark	whom
20	הִפְקִ֥יד	פָּקַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	16 גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙	acl:relcl	he had appointed
21	מֶֽלֶךְ־	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 הִפְקִ֥יד	nsubj	the king
22	בָּבֶ֖ל	בָּבֶל	PROPN	_	21 מֶֽלֶךְ־	compound:smixut	of Babylon
23	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	25 אָֽרֶץ	case	over
24	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 אָֽרֶץ	det	the
25	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 הִפְקִ֥יד	obl	land
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 אָֽרֶץ	punct
27	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	25 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָרְאוּ they were afraid	qatal · qal
הִכָּה he had struck down	qatal · hiphil	גְּדַלְיָהוּ Gedaliah	יִשְׁמָעֵאל Ishmael
הִפְקִיד he had appointed	qatal · hiphil	גְּדַלְיָהוּ Gedaliah	מֶֽלֶךְ־ the king

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מִן קֳדָם כַּסְדָאֵי אֲרֵי דְחִילוּ מִן קֳדָמֵיהוֹן אֲרֵי קְטַל יִשְׁמָעֵאל בַּר נְתַנְיָה יַת גְדַלְיָה בַּר אֲחִיקַם דְמַנֵי מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל בְּאַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

because of the Chaldeans; for they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1027.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.41.18/