Jeremiah 4:23 · JPS 1917
I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was waste and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.
Who acts: I, earth, heavens · What happens: behold, be, have · To what, where: earth, light
This is Jeremiah 4:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, earth, heavens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 beheld | nsubj |
| 2 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 earth | det |
| 4 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 beheld | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 waste | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 waste | cc |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 lo | punct |
| 8 | lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 12 waste | discourse |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 lo | punct |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 waste | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 waste | cop |
| 12 | waste | waste | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 beheld | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 void | cc |
| 14 | void | void | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 waste | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 heavens | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 heavens | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 heavens | det |
| 18 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beheld | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 had | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 had | cc |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 had | nsubj |
| 22 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 heavens | conj |
| 23 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 24 light | det |
| 24 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 had | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 beheld | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | behold | past | I | the earth | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer earth=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past | earth | waste property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | earth not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | have | past | heavens = heaven | no light | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּה־תֹ֖הוּ וָבֹ֑הוּ וְאֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ין אוֹרָֽם׃
Jeremiah 4:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:125 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.125/