Jeremiah 4:23 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: I, earth, heavens · What happens: behold, be, have · To what, where: earth, light

This is Jeremiah 4:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, earth, heavens — and what happens in the verse to earth, light, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּה־תֹ֖הוּ וָבֹ֑הוּ וְאֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ין אוֹרָֽם׃

I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was waste and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	רָאִ֙יתִי֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I looked at
2	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 אָ֔רֶץ	case	(et)
3	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 אָ֔רֶץ	det	the
4	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 רָאִ֙יתִי֙	obj	earth
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 הִנֵּה־	cc	and
6	הִנֵּה־	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	1 רָאִ֙יתִי֙	conj	there!
7	תֹ֖הוּ	תֹּהוּ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 רָאִ֙יתִי֙	parataxis	[it was] formlessness
8	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 בֹ֑הוּ	cc	and
9	בֹ֑הוּ	בֹּהוּ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 תֹ֖הוּ	conj	emptiness
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 שָּׁמַ֖יִם	cc	and
11	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	13 שָּׁמַ֖יִם	case	to
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 שָּׁמַ֖יִם	det	the
13	שָּׁמַ֖יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 רָאִ֙יתִי֙	conj	heavens
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אֵ֥ין	cc	and [was]
15	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	13 שָּׁמַ֖יִם	conj	not
16	אוֹר	אוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	light
17	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 אוֹר	nmod:poss	their
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
רָאִיתִי I looked at	qatal · qal		אָרֶץ earth

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

חֲזֵיתִי יַת אַרְעָא הָא צַדְיָא וְרֵקַנְיָא אִסְתַּכְּלֵית בִשְׁמַיָא וְהָא לָא מִזְהַרִין נְהוֹרֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was waste and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:103.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.23/