Jeremiah 9:7 · JPS 1917
Their tongue is a sharpened arrow, it speaketh deceit; one speaketh peaceably to his neighbour with his mouth, but in his heart he layeth wait for him.
Who acts: tongue, one, LORD · What happens: sharpen, be, speak, lay · To what, where: sharpened arrow, deceit, wait, heart · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Jeremiah 9:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tongue, one, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 tongue | nmod:poss |
| 2 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 arrow | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 arrow | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 arrow | det |
| 5 | sharpened | sharpen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 arrow | amod |
| 6 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 speaketh | punct |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 speaketh | nsubj |
| 9 | speaketh | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 arrow | parataxis |
| 10 | deceit | deceit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 speaketh | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 speaketh | punct |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | _ | 13 speaketh | nsubj |
| 13 | speaketh | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 arrow | parataxis |
| 14 | peaceably | peaceably | ADV | _ | 13 speaketh | advmod |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 neighbour | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 17 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 speaketh | obl |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 mouth | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 20 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 speaketh | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 layeth | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 layeth | cc |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 heart | case |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 heart | nmod:poss |
| 25 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 layeth | obl |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 layeth | nsubj |
| 27 | layeth | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 arrow | conj |
| 28 | wait | wait | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 layeth | obj |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 him | case |
| 30 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 layeth | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 arrow | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sharpen | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | people's tongue | a sharpened arrow | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | present | tongue | deceit | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | present | one | to LORD's neighbour; with LORD's mouth; peaceably property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to neighbour=Co-Agent | ||||
| 5 | lay | present | LORD | wait | LORD's heart | for neighbour | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent wait=Result for he=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
חֵ֥ץ שָׁח֛וּט לְשׁוֹנָ֖ם מִרְמָ֣ה דִבֵּ֑ר בְּפִ֗יו שָׁל֤וֹם אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יְדַבֵּ֔רוּבְקִרְבּ֖וֹ יָשִׂ֥ים אָרְבּֽוֹ׃
Jeremiah 9:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:274 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.274/