Jeremiah 10:14 · JPS 1917
Every man is proved to be brutish, without knowledge, every goldsmith is put to shame by the graven image, his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.
Who acts: graven image, molten image, breath, goldsmith · What happens: prove, be, put, image · To what, where: man, goldsmith, falsehood
This is Jeremiah 10:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (graven image, molten image, breath, goldsmith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 man | det |
| 2 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 proved | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 proved | aux:pass |
| 4 | proved | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 brutish | mark |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 brutish | cop |
| 7 | brutish | brutish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 proved | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 knowledge | punct |
| 9 | without | without | ADP | _ | 10 knowledge | case |
| 10 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 put | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 put | punct |
| 12 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 goldsmith | det |
| 13 | goldsmith | goldsmith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 put | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 put | aux:pass |
| 15 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 proved | parataxis |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 shame | case |
| 17 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 put | obl |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 image | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 image | det |
| 20 | graven | graven | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 image | amod |
| 21 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 put | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 falsehood | punct |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 image | nmod:poss |
| 24 | molten | molten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 image | amod |
| 25 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 falsehood | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 falsehood | cop |
| 27 | falsehood | falsehood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 put | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 is | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 is | cc |
| 30 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 31 is | expl |
| 31 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 proved | conj |
| 32 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 33 breath | det |
| 33 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 is | nsubj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 them | case |
| 35 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 is | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 proved | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed voice=character, act=assert, polarity=neg
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prove | present · passive | every man | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is | to-infinitive | brutish property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | put | present · passive | the graven image | every goldsmith | without knowledge; to shame | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent subject=Goal | |||
| 4 | is a | present | goldsmith's molten image | falsehood | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | present | no breath | there | in men = man | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in they=Location | |||
| 6 | image | goldsmith | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
נִבְעַ֤ר כָּל־אָדָם֙ מִדַּ֔עַת הֹבִ֥ישׁ כָּל־צוֹרֵ֖ף מִפָּ֑סֶל כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר נִסְכּ֖וֹ וְלֹא־ר֥וּחַ בָּֽם׃
Jeremiah 10:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:312 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.312/