Jeremiah 2:13 · JPS 1917
For My people have committed two evils: they have forsaken Me, the fountain of living waters, and hewed them out cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water.
Who acts: people, cisterns · What happens: commit, forsake, hew out, break, hold · To what, where: two evils, Me, cisterns, people, water
This is Jeremiah 2:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, cisterns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | SCONJ | _ | 5 committed | mark |
| 2 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 people | nmod:poss |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 committed | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 committed | aux |
| 5 | committed | commit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 evils | nummod |
| 7 | evils | evil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 committed | obj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 forsaken | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 forsaken | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 forsaken | aux |
| 11 | forsaken | forsake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 committed | parataxis |
| 12 | Me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 forsaken | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 fountain | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 fountain | det |
| 15 | fountain | fountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Me | appos |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 waters | case |
| 17 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 waters | amod |
| 18 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 fountain | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 hewed | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 hewed | cc |
| 21 | hewed | hew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 forsaken | conj |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 hewed | iobj |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 hewed | compound:prt |
| 24 | cisterns | cistern | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 hewed | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 cisterns | punct |
| 26 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 cisterns | amod |
| 27 | cisterns | cistern | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 cisterns | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 hold | punct |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 hold | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 hold | aux |
| 31 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 cisterns | acl:relcl |
| 32 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 33 water | det |
| 33 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hold | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 committed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | commit | present · perfect | My people | two evils | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evil=Theme | ||||
| 2 | forsake | present · perfect | people | Me | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | hew out | past | people not said here | cisterns and broken cisterns | people | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent they=Patient cistern=Result | |||
| 4 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | hold | can | cisterns and broken cisterns | no water | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
כִּֽי־שְׁתַּ֥יִם רָע֖וֹת עָשָׂ֣ה עַמִּ֑י אֹתִ֨י עָזְב֜וּ מְק֣וֹר ׀ מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֗ים לַחְצֹ֤ב לָהֶם֙ בֹּאר֔וֹת בֹּארֹת֙ נִשְׁבָּרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָכִ֖לוּ הַמָּֽיִם׃
Jeremiah 2:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:32 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.32/