Jeremiah 2:15 · JPS 1917
The young lions have roared upon him, and let their voice resound; and they have made his land desolate, his cities are laid waste, without inhabitant.
Who acts: young lions, voice, lions · What happens: roar, let, resound, make, lay · To what, where: voice, land, cities
This is Jeremiah 2:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young lions, voice, lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lions | det |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 lions | amod |
| 3 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 roared | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 roared | aux |
| 5 | roared | roar | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 roared | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 let | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 let | cc |
| 10 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 roared | conj |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 voice | nmod:poss |
| 12 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 let | obj |
| 13 | resound | resound | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 let | xcomp |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 made | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 made | cc |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 made | nsubj |
| 17 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 made | aux |
| 18 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 roared | conj |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 land | nmod:poss |
| 20 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 made | obj |
| 21 | desolate | desolate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 made | xcomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 laid | punct |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 cities | nmod:poss |
| 24 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 laid | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 laid | aux:pass |
| 26 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 roared | conj |
| 27 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 laid | xcomp |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 inhabitant | punct |
| 29 | without | without | ADP | _ | 30 inhabitant | case |
| 30 | inhabitant | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 laid | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 roared | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roar | present · perfect | the young lions | upon Israel | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Location | ||||
| 2 | let | infinitive | the young lions not said here | lions's voice | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | resound | infinitive | lions's voice not said here | vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | make | present · perfect | lions = lion | Israel's land | desolate property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset land=Product | |||
| 5 | lay | present · passive | Israel's cities | without inhabitant | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
עָלָיו֙ יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ כְפִרִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ קוֹלָ֑ם וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ אַרְצוֹ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרָ֥יו נִצְּת֖וּ מִבְּלִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃
Jeremiah 2:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:36 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.36/