Jeremiah 2:15 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: young lions, voice, lions · What happens: roar, let, resound, make, lay · To what, where: voice, land, cities

This is Jeremiah 2:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — young lions, voice, lions — and what happens in the verse to voice, land, cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עָלָיו֙ יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ כְפִרִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ קוֹלָ֑ם וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ אַרְצוֹ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרָ֥יו נִצְּת֖וּ מִבְּלִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃

The young lions have roared upon him, and let their voice resound; and they have made his land desolate, his cities are laid waste, without inhabitant.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עָלָי	עַל	ADP	_	2 ו֙	case	on
2	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ	obl	it
3	יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ	שָׁאַג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they have been roaring
4	כְפִרִ֔ים	כְּפִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ	nsubj	young lions
5	נָתְנ֖וּ	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ	parataxis	they have given forth
6	קוֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 נָתְנ֖וּ	obj	voice
7	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 קוֹל	nmod:poss	their
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יָּשִׁ֤יתוּ	cc	and
9	יָּשִׁ֤יתוּ	שִׁית	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ	conj	they have made
10	אַרְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 יָּשִׁ֤יתוּ	obj	land
11	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 אַרְצ	nmod:poss	its
12	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	13 שַׁמָּ֔ה	case	into
13	שַׁמָּ֔ה	שַׁמָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 יָּשִׁ֤יתוּ	obl	a waste
14	עָרָ֥י	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	16 נִצְּת֖וּ	nsubj	cities
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 עָרָ֥י	nmod:poss	its
16	נִצְּת֖וּ	יָצַת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ	parataxis	they are ruined
17	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	18 בְּלִ֥י	case	from
18	בְּלִ֥י	בְּלִי	ADV	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 נִצְּת֖וּ	obl	not
19	יֹשֵֽׁב	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	18 בְּלִ֥י	nsubj	inhabitant
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 יֹשֵֽׁב	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִשְׁאֲגוּ they have been roaring	yiqtol · qal	כְפִרִים young lions
נָתְנוּ they have given forth	qatal · qal	כְפִרִים young lions	קוֹל voice
יָּשִׁיתוּ they have made	wayyiqtol · qal	כְפִרִים young lions	אַרְצ land
נִצְּתוּ they are ruined	qatal · niphal		עָרָי cities

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עֲלוֹהִי יַכְלִין מַלְכַיָא יְרִימוּן קָלְהוֹן וְשַׁווֹ אַרְעֵיהּ לְצַדוּ קִרְווֹהִי צַדְיָן מִבְּלִי יָתֵיב:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The young lions have roared upon him, and let their voice resound; and they have made his land desolate, his cities are laid waste, without inhabitant.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:33.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.15/