Jeremiah 13:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2
Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots?
Who acts: Ethiopian · What happens: change · To what, where: skin
This is Jeremiah 13:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ethiopian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 change | aux |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Ethiopian | det |
| 3 | Ethiopian | Ethiopian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 change | nsubj |
| 4 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 skin | nmod:poss |
| 6 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 change | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 leopard | punct |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 leopard | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 leopard | det |
| 10 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Ethiopian | conj |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 spots | nmod:poss |
| 12 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 skin | conj |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 change | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed act=ask, indirect=1, polarity=neg, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | can | the Ethiopian or the leopard | Judah's skin and Judah's spots | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הֲיַהֲפֹ֤ךְ כּוּשִׁי֙ עוֹר֔וֹ וְנָמֵ֖ר חֲבַרְבֻּרֹתָ֑יו גַּם־אַתֶּם֙ תּוּכְל֣וּ לְהֵיטִ֔יב לִמֻּדֵ֖י הָרֵֽעַ׃
Jeremiah 13:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots?
- Then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil.
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:394 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.394/