Jeremiah 25:18 · JPS 1917
Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them an appalment, an astonishment, a hissing, and a curse; as it is this day;
Who acts: curse · What happens: make, be · To what, where: nations, day
This is Jeremiah 25:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (curse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jerusalem | Jerusalem | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 cities | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 cities | cc |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 cities | det |
| 5 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Jerusalem | conj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Judah | case |
| 7 | Judah | Judah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 cities | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 kings | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 kings | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 kings | det |
| 11 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Jerusalem | conj |
| 12 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 11 kings | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 princes | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 princes | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 princes | det |
| 16 | princes | prince | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Jerusalem | conj |
| 17 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 16 princes | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 make | punct |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 make | mark |
| 20 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Jerusalem | acl |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 make | obj |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 appalment | det |
| 23 | appalment | appalment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 make | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 astonishment | punct |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 astonishment | det |
| 26 | astonishment | astonishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 appalment | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 hissing | punct |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 hissing | det |
| 29 | hissing | hissing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 appalment | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 curse | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 curse | cc |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 curse | det |
| 33 | curse | curse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 appalment | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 day | punct |
| 35 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 39 day | mark |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 day | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 day | cop |
| 38 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 39 day | det |
| 39 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 make | advcl |
| 40 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 make | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | to-infinitive | nations = nation | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary appalment=Product | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | curse | this day | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וְאֶת־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְאֶת־מְלָכֶ֖יהָ אֶת־שָׂרֶ֑יהָ לָתֵ֨ת אֹתָ֜ם לְחָרְבָּ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה לִשְׁרֵקָ֥ה וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃
Jeremiah 25:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:689 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.689/