Joel 1:18 · JPS 1917

How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.

Who acts: beasts, herds · What happens: groan, perplex, have, make · To what, where: herds, pasture, flocks

This is Joel 1:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beasts, herds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 groan	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 groan	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 beasts	det
4	beasts	beast	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 groan	nsubj
5	groan	groan	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 groan	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 herds	det
8	herds	herd	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 perplexed	nsubj:pass
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 cattle	case
10	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 herds	nmod
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 perplexed	aux:pass
12	perplexed	perplex	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 groan	parataxis
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 have	punct
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	16 have	mark
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 have	nsubj
16	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 perplexed	advcl
17	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	18 pasture	det
18	pasture	pasture	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 have	obj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 made	punct
20	yea	yea	INTJ	_	27 made	discourse
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 yea	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 flocks	det
23	flocks	flock	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 made	nsubj:pass
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 sheep	case
25	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 flocks	nmod
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 made	aux:pass
27	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 groan	parataxis
28	desolate	desolate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 made	xcomp
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 groan	punct

Pragmatics

form: exclamation
act: express
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed form=excl, act=express

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	groan	present · do-support	the beasts			vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	perplex	present · passive		the herds of cattle		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
3	have	present	herds = herd	no pasture		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasture=Patient
4	make	present · passive		the flocks of sheep	desolate property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃

Joel 1:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOL:18 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.18/