Joel 1:18 יוֹאֵל
Who acts: beasts, herds · What happens: groan, perplex, have, make · To what, where: herds, pasture, flocks
This is Joel 1:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — beasts, herds — and what happens in the verse to herds, pasture, flocks, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מַה־ | מָה | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה | advmod | how! |
| 2 | נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה | אָנַח | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it has groaned |
| 3 | בְהֵמָ֗ה | בְּהֵמָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 2 נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה | nsubj | [the] livestock |
| 4 | נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ | בּוּךְ | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה | parataxis | they have wandered in confusion |
| 5 | עֶדְרֵ֣י | עֵדֶר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 4 נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ | nsubj | [the] herds |
| 6 | בָקָ֔ר | בָּקָר | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 עֶדְרֵ֣י | compound:smixut | of cattle |
| 7 | כִּ֛י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 8 אֵ֥ין | mark | (dm) |
| 8 | אֵ֥ין | אַיִן | ADV | _ | 2 נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה | advcl | there [is] not |
| 9 | מִרְעֶ֖ה | מִרְעֶה | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 אֵ֥ין | nsubj | pasture |
| 10 | ל | לְ | ADP | _ | 11 ָהֶ֑ם | case | for |
| 11 | ָהֶ֑ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 אֵ֥ין | obl | them |
| 12 | גַּם־ | גַּם | ADV | _ | 13 עֶדְרֵ֥י | advmod | also |
| 13 | עֶדְרֵ֥י | עֵדֶר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 16 נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ | nsubj | the flocks |
| 14 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 15 צֹּ֖אן | det | of (the) |
| 15 | צֹּ֖אן | צֹאן | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 עֶדְרֵ֥י | compound:smixut | sheep |
| 16 | נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ | אָשַׁם | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה | parataxis | they have suffered |
| 17 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 16 נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- speech
- speech with no frame
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not נֶּאֶנְחָה it has groaned | qatal · niphal | בְהֵמָה [the] livestock | |||
| נָבֹכוּ they have wandered in confusion | qatal · niphal | עֶדְרֵי [the] herds | |||
| נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ they have suffered | qatal · niphal | עֶדְרֵי the flocks |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
לַחֲדָא מִתְאַנְחָא בְעִירָא מִתְעַרְבְּלָן בְּקָרַן דְתוֹרִין אֲרֵי לֵית רָעַיָא לְהוֹן אַף עֶדְרֵי עֲנָא צְדִיאָה:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JOL:17.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.18/