Joel 2:2 · JPS 1917

A day of darkness and gloominess, a day of clouds and thick darkness, as blackness spread upon the mountains; a great people and a mighty, there hath not been ever the like, neither shall be any more after them, even to the years of many generations.

Who acts: blackness · What happens: spread, be · To what, where: mountains

This is Joel 2:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (blackness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 day	det
2	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 been	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 darkness	case
4	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 day	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 gloominess	cc
6	gloominess	gloominess	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 darkness	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 day	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 day	det
9	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 day	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 clouds	case
11	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 day	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 darkness	cc
13	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 darkness	amod
14	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 clouds	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 spread	punct
16	as	as	SCONJ	_	18 spread	mark
17	blackness	blackness	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 spread	nsubj
18	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 day	advcl
19	upon	upon	ADP	_	21 mountains	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 mountains	det
21	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 spread	obl
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 people	punct
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 people	det
24	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 people	amod
25	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 been	nsubj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 mighty	cc
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 mighty	det
28	mighty	mighty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 people	conj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 been	punct
30	there	there	PRON	_	33 been	expl
31	hath	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 been	aux
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	33 been	advmod
33	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
34	ever	ever	ADV	_	36 like	advmod
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 like	det
36	like	like	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 been	obj
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 more	punct
38	neither	neither	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	42 more	cc
39	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	42 more	aux
40	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	42 more	cop
41	any	any	ADV	_	42 more	advmod
42	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	33 been	conj
43	after	after	ADP	_	44 them	case
44	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	42 more	obl
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 years	punct
46	even	even	ADV	_	49 years	advmod
47	to	to	ADP	_	49 years	case
48	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	49 years	det
49	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 more	obl
50	of	of	ADP	_	52 generations	case
51	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 generations	amod
52	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 years	nmod
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	33 been	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=character

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	blackness			the mountains			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon mountain=Location
2	is	shall					after people; year	any, more property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃

Joel 2:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOL:22 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.22/