Joshua 8:20 · JPS 1917

And when the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and, behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way; and the people that fled to the wilderness turned back upon the pursuers.

Who acts: men, smoke, people, city · What happens: look, see, ascend up, have, flee, turn back · To what, where: heaven, power, way, wilderness

This is Joshua 8:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, smoke, people, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	12 saw	cc
2	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 looked	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 men	det
4	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 looked	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Ai	case
6	Ai	Ai	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 men	nmod
7	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 saw	advcl
8	behind	behind	ADP	_	9 them	case
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 looked	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 looked	punct
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 saw	nsubj
12	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 ascended	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 ascended	cc
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 behold	punct
16	behold	behold	INTJ	_	23 ascended	discourse
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 behold	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 smoke	det
19	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 ascended	nsubj
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 city	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 city	det
22	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 smoke	nmod
23	ascended	ascend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 saw	conj
24	up	up	ADP	_	23 ascended	compound:prt
25	to	to	ADP	_	26 heaven	case
26	heaven	heaven	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 ascended	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 had	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 had	cc
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 had	nsubj
30	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 ascended	conj
31	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	32 power	det
32	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 had	obj
33	to	to	PART	_	34 flee	mark
34	flee	flee	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 power	acl
35	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	36 way	det
36	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 flee	obl:unmarked
37	or	or	CCONJ	_	39 way	cc
38	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	39 way	det
39	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 way	conj
40	;	;	PUNCT	_	49 turned	punct
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 turned	cc
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 people	det
43	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 turned	nsubj
44	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	45 fled	nsubj
45	fled	flee	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	43 people	acl:relcl
46	to	to	ADP	_	48 wilderness	case
47	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 wilderness	det
48	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 fled	obl
49	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 saw	conj
50	back	back	ADV	_	49 turned	advmod
51	upon	upon	ADP	_	53 pursuers	case
52	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	53 pursuers	det
53	pursuers	pursuer	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 turned	obl
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 saw	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	look	past	the men of Ai			behind el	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind they=Theme
2	see	past	men = man				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	ascend up	past	the smoke of the city		heaven		vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to heaven=Initial_Location
4	have	past	men = man	no power			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient
5	flee	to-infinitive	men = man not said here	this way or that way			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	flee	past	the people		the wilderness		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to wilderness=Initial_Location
7	turn back	past	the people			upon the pursuers	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8	smoke		the city				nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וַיִּפְנ֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ הָעַ֨י אַחֲרֵיהֶ֜ם וַיִּרְא֗וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָלָ֜ה עֲשַׁ֤ן הָעִיר֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה בָהֶ֥ם יָדַ֛יִם לָנ֖וּס הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה וְהָעָם֙ הַנָּ֣ס הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר נֶהְפַּ֖ךְ אֶל־הָרוֹדֵֽף׃

Joshua 8:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:175 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.175/