Joshua 8:21 · JPS 1917
And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back, and slew the men of Ai.
Who acts: Israel, ambush, smoke, men, city · What happens: see, take, ascend, turn back, slay, smoke · To what, where: city, men · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Joshua 8:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Israel, ambush, smoke, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 turned | cc |
| 2 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 7 saw | mark |
| 3 | Joshua | Joshua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Israel | conj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Israel | cc |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 Israel | det |
| 6 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 turned | advcl |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 taken | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ambush | det |
| 10 | ambush | ambush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 taken | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 taken | aux |
| 12 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 saw | ccomp |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 city | det |
| 14 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 taken | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 turned | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 turned | cc |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 ascended | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 smoke | det |
| 19 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 ascended | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 city | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 city | det |
| 22 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 smoke | nmod |
| 23 | ascended | ascend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 saw | ccomp |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 turned | punct |
| 25 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 turned | advmod |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 turned | nsubj |
| 27 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | back | back | ADV | _ | 27 turned | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 men | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 slew | cc |
| 31 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 turned | conj |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 men | det |
| 33 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 slew | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Ai | case |
| 35 | Ai | Ai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 men | nmod |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | all Israel and Joshua | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | take | past · perfect | the ambush | the city | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme | ||||
| 3 | ascend | past | the smoke of the city | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | turn back | past | men = man | then | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | slay | past | men = man not said here | the men of Ai | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | ||||
| 6 | smoke | the city | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וִיהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽאֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְכִ֥י עָלָ֖ה עֲשַׁ֣ן הָעִ֑יר וַיָּשֻׁ֕בוּ וַיַּכּ֖וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃
Joshua 8:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:176 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.176/