Joshua 8:21 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Israel, ambush, smoke, men, city · What happens: see, take, ascend, turn back, slay, smoke · To what, where: city, men · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 8:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, ambush, smoke, men, city — and what happens in the verse to city, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וִיהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽאֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְכִ֥י עָלָ֖ה עֲשַׁ֣ן הָעִ֑יר וַיָּשֻׁ֕בוּ וַיַּכּ֖וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃

And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back, and slew the men of Ai.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 רָא֗וּ	cc	and
2	יהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	6 רָא֗וּ	nsubj	Joshua
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 כָֽל־	cc	and
4	כָֽל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ	conj	all
5	יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	4 כָֽל־	compound:smixut	Israel
6	רָא֗וּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they saw
7	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	8 לָכַ֤ד	mark	(dm) that
8	לָכַ֤ד	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 רָא֗וּ	ccomp	it had captured
9	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 אֹרֵב֙	det	the
10	אֹרֵב֙	אָרַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	8 לָכַ֤ד	nsubj	ambush
11	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 עִ֔יר	case	(et)
12	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 עִ֔יר	det	the
13	עִ֔יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 לָכַ֤ד	obj	city
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 עָלָ֖ה	cc	and (dm)
15	כִ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 עָלָ֖ה	mark	that
16	עָלָ֖ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 לָכַ֤ד	conj	it went up
17	עֲשַׁ֣ן	עָשָׁן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 עָלָ֖ה	nsubj	the smoke
18	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 עִ֑יר	det	of
19	עִ֑יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 עֲשַׁ֣ן	compound:smixut	the city
20	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יָּשֻׁ֕בוּ	cc	and
21	יָּשֻׁ֕בוּ	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 רָא֗וּ	conj	they turned back
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יַּכּ֖וּ	cc	and
23	יַּכּ֖וּ	נָכָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	6 רָא֗וּ	conj	they attacked
24	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	25 אַנְשֵׁ֥י	case	(et)
25	אַנְשֵׁ֥י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 יַּכּ֖וּ	obj	the men
26	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 עָֽי	det	of (the)
27	עָֽי	עַי	PROPN	_	25 אַנְשֵׁ֥י	compound:smixut	Ai
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 עָֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
רָאוּ they saw	qatal · qal	יהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel	לָכַד it had captured + עָלָה it went up
לָכַד it had captured	qatal · qal	אֹרֵב ambush	עִיר city
עָלָה it went up	qatal · qal	עֲשַׁן the smoke
יָּשֻׁבוּ they turned back	wayyiqtol · qal	יהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
יַּכּוּ they attacked	wayyiqtol · hiphil	אַנְשֵׁי the men		יהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua + יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל חֲזוֹ אֲרֵי כְבַשׁ כְּמָנָא יַת קַרְתָּא וַאֲרֵי סְלֵיק תְּנָנָא דְקַרְתָּא וְתָבוּ וּמְחוֹ יַת אֱנָשֵׁי עָי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back, and slew the men of Ai.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:171.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.21/