Joshua 8:24 · JPS 1917
And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword.
Who acts: other, Israel, end, men, edge · What happens: come, pass, make, slay, pursue, fall · To what, where: end, inhabitants, field, men, other
This is Joshua 8:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other, Israel, end, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 came | cc |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 pass | mark |
| 5 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 came | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 made | punct |
| 7 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 10 made | mark |
| 8 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 made | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 made | aux |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 came | advcl |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 end | det |
| 12 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 slaying | case |
| 14 | slaying | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 end | acl |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 inhabitants | det:predet |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 inhabitants | det |
| 17 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 slaying | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Ai | case |
| 19 | Ai | Ai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 inhabitants | nmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 field | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 field | det |
| 22 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 slaying | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 wilderness | punct |
| 24 | even | even | ADV | _ | 27 wilderness | advmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 wilderness | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 wilderness | det |
| 27 | wilderness | wilderness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 slaying | obl |
| 28 | wherein | wherein | ADV | PronType=Rel | 30 pursued | advmod |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 pursued | nsubj |
| 30 | pursued | pursue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 wilderness | acl:relcl |
| 31 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 pursued | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 fallen | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 fallen | cc |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 fallen | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 fallen | aux:pass |
| 36 | all | all | ADV | _ | 37 fallen | advmod |
| 37 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 came | conj |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 edge | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 edge | det |
| 40 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 fallen | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 sword | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sword | det |
| 43 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 edge | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 consumed | punct |
| 45 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 48 consumed | mark |
| 46 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 consumed | nsubj:pass |
| 47 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 consumed | aux:pass |
| 48 | consumed | consume | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 fallen | advcl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 returned | punct |
| 50 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 53 returned | mark |
| 51 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 52 Israel | det |
| 52 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 returned | nsubj |
| 53 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 54 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 55 Ai | case |
| 55 | Ai | Ai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 returned | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 smote | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 smote | cc |
| 58 | smote | smote | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 returned | conj |
| 59 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 smote | obj |
| 60 | with | with | ADP | _ | 62 edge | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 edge | det |
| 62 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 smote | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 sword | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 sword | det |
| 65 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 edge | nmod |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | other | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | other not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | make | past · perfect | Israel | a end | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Product | ||||
| 4 | slay | gerund | a end not said here | all inhabitants of Ai | the field | in the wilderness | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inhabitant=Patient | ||
| 5 | pursue | past | men = man | inhabitants = inhabitant | wherein property | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 6 | fall | past · passive | the edge of the sword | men = man | all property | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result | |||
| 7 | consume | past · passive | men = man | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | |||||
| 8 | return | past | all Israel | unto Ai | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 9 | smote | past | all Israel not said here | other | with the edge of the sword | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיְהִ֣י כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י הָעַ֜י בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָעַ֔י וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃
Joshua 8:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:179 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.179/