Joshua 2:9 · JPS 1917
and she said unto the men: 'I know that the LORD hath given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt away before you.
Who acts: gate, I, LORD, inhabitants · What happens: say, know, give, fall, melt away · To what, where: land, you, terror · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Joshua 2:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gate, I, LORD, inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 6 men | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 men | det |
| 6 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 know | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 know | punct |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 know | nsubj |
| 10 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 given | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 LORD | det |
| 13 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 given | nsubj |
| 14 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 given | aux |
| 15 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 know | ccomp |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 given | iobj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 land | det |
| 18 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 given | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 fallen | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 fallen | cc |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 fallen | mark |
| 22 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 terror | nmod:poss |
| 23 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 fallen | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 fallen | aux:pass |
| 25 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 given | conj |
| 26 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 27 us | case |
| 27 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 fallen | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 melt | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 melt | cc |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 melt | mark |
| 31 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 33 inhabitants | det:predet |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 inhabitants | det |
| 33 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 melt | nsubj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 land | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 land | det |
| 36 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 inhabitants | nmod |
| 37 | melt | melt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 fallen | conj |
| 38 | away | away | ADV | _ | 37 melt | advmod |
| 39 | before | before | ADP | _ | 40 you | case |
| 40 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 melt | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | gate | unto the men | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | know | present | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | give | present · perfect | the LORD | the land | you | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient land=Theme | |||
| 4 | fall | present · passive | your terror | upon us | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result | ||||
| 5 | melt away | present | all inhabitants of the land | before you | away property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכִֽי־נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְכִ֥י נָמֹ֛גוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃
Joshua 2:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:27 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.27/