Joshua 4:21 · JPS 1917
And he spoke unto the children of Israel, saying: 'When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying: What mean these stones?
Who acts: Joshua, children · What happens: speak, say, ask, come, mean · To what, where: fathers, stones · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Joshua 4:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 spoke | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 spoke | nsubj |
| 3 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 6 children | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 children | det |
| 6 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spoke | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Israel | case |
| 8 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 children | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 saying | punct |
| 10 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 spoke | advcl |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 ask | punct |
| 12 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 17 ask | punct |
| 13 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 17 ask | mark |
| 14 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 children | nmod:poss |
| 15 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 ask | nsubj |
| 16 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 ask | aux |
| 17 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 saying | ccomp |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 fathers | nmod:poss |
| 19 | fathers | father | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 ask | obj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 time | case |
| 21 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ask | obl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 come | mark |
| 23 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 time | acl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 saying | punct |
| 25 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 ask | advcl |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 mean | punct |
| 27 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 28 mean | nsubj |
| 28 | mean | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 saying | ccomp |
| 29 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 30 stones | det |
| 30 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 mean | obj |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 25 saying | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | Joshua | unto the children of Israel | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Joshua not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | shall | your children | children's fathers | time | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent father=Recipient | |||
| 4 | come | to-infinitive | your children not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | your children not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | mean | present | this stones | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
Joshua 4:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOS:80 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.80/