Joshua 4:21 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: Joshua, children · What happens: speak, say, ask, come, mean · To what, where: fathers, stones · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 4:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, children — and what happens in the verse to fathers, stones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃

And he spoke unto the children of Israel, saying: 'When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying: What mean these stones?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֛אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֛אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	4 בְּנֵ֥י	case	to
4	בְּנֵ֥י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יֹּ֛אמֶר	obl	the people
5	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	4 בְּנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Israel
6	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	mark	(cmp)
7	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	6 לֵ	fixed
8	אֲשֶׁר֩	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	9 יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	mark	that
9	יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	שָׁאַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יֹּ֛אמֶר	ccomp	they
10	ן	נ	X	_	9 יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	nmod	will ask
11	בְּנֵי	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	nsubj	children
12	כֶ֤ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 בְּנֵי	nmod:poss	your
13	מָחָר֙	מָחָר	ADV	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	advmod	tomorrow
14	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	15 אֲבוֹת	case	(et)
15	אֲבוֹת	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	obj	fathers
16	ָ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 אֲבוֹת	nmod:poss	their
17	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	19 מָ֖ה	mark	(cmp)
18	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	17 לֵ	fixed
19	מָ֖ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	9 יִשְׁאָל֨וּ	ccomp	what?
20	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 אֲבָנִ֥ים	det	[are] the
21	אֲבָנִ֥ים	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	19 מָ֖ה	nsubj	stones
22	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 אֵֽלֶּה	det	(the)
23	אֵֽלֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	21 אֲבָנִ֥ים	det	these
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 אֵֽלֶּה	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal
יִשְׁאָלוּ they	yiqtol · qal	בְּנֵי children	אֲבוֹת fathers
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	בְּנֵי children	מָה what?

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵימָר דְיִשְׁאֲלוּן בְּנֵיכוֹן מְחָר יַת אֲבָהַתְהוֹן לְמֵימָר מָה אַבְנַיָא הָאִלֵין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he spoke unto the children of Israel, saying: 'When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying: What mean these stones?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:79.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.21/