Joshua 4:20 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: stones, Joshua · What happens: take out, set up · To what, where: twelve stones, Jordan, Gilgal

This is Joshua 4:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — stones, Joshua — and what happens in the verse to twelve stones, Jordan, Gilgal, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הֵקִ֥ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃

And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Joshua set up in Gilgal.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 הֵקִ֥ים	cc	and
2	אֵת֩	אֵת	ADP	_	6 אֲבָנִים֙	case	(et)
3	שְׁתֵּ֨ים	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	6 אֲבָנִים֙	nummod	two plus
4	עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה	עֶשְׂרֵה	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 שְׁתֵּ֨ים	flat	ten
5	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אֲבָנִים֙	det	the
6	אֲבָנִים֙	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	14 הֵקִ֥ים	obj	stones
7	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 אֵ֔לֶּה	det	(the)
8	אֵ֔לֶּה	אֵלֶּה	DET	Gender=Com Number=Plur PronType=Dem	6 אֲבָנִים֙	det	these
9	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 לָקְח֖וּ	mark	which
10	לָקְח֖וּ	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 אֲבָנִים֙	acl:relcl	they had taken
11	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	13 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	case	from
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	det	the
13	יַּרְדֵּ֑ן	יַרְדֵּן	PROPN	_	10 לָקְח֖וּ	obl	Jordan
14	הֵקִ֥ים	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he set up
15	יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	14 הֵקִ֥ים	nsubj	Joshua
16	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 גִּלְגָּֽל	case	at
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 גִּלְגָּֽל	det	(the)
18	גִּלְגָּֽל	גִּלְגָּל	PROPN	_	14 הֵקִ֥ים	obl	Gilgal
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 גִּלְגָּֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
לָקְחוּ they had taken	qatal · qal		אֲבָנִים stones
הֵקִים he set up	qatal · hiphil	אֲבָנִים stones			יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיַת תַּרְתָּא עַשְׂרֵי אַבְנַיָא הָאִלֵין דִנְסִיבוּ מִן יַרְדְנָא אֲקֵים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּגִלְגָלָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, did Joshua set up in Gilgal.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:78.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.4.20/