Malachi 1:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2
Yet ye say: 'Wherein hast Thou loved us?' Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD; yet I loved Jacob;
Who acts: ye, Thou, Esau, LORD, I · What happens: say, love, not be · To what, where: us, brother, Jacob · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Malachi 1:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, Thou, Esau, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 3 say | cc |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 3 say | nsubj |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 brother | parataxis |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 loved | punct |
| 5 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 loved | punct |
| 6 | Wherein | wherein | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 loved | advmod |
| 7 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 loved | aux |
| 8 | Thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 9 loved | nsubj |
| 9 | loved | love | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 say | ccomp |
| 10 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 loved | obj |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 loved | punct |
| 12 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 loved | punct |
| 13 | Was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 brother | cop |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 brother | advmod |
| 15 | Esau | Esau | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 brother | nsubj |
| 16 | Jacob | Jacob | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 brother | nmod:poss |
| 17 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 16 Jacob | case |
| 18 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 18 brother | punct |
| 20 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 brother | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 LORD | det |
| 22 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 saith | nsubj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 loved | punct |
| 24 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 26 loved | cc |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 loved | nsubj |
| 26 | loved | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 saith | conj |
| 27 | Jacob | Jacob | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 loved | obj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 brother | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | ye | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | love | present · perfect | Thou | us | wherein property | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | not is a | past | Esau | Jacob's brother | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | the LORD | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | love | past | I | Jacob | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer jacob=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אָהַ֤בְתִּי אֶתְכֶם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמָּ֣ה אֲהַבְתָּ֑נוּ הֲלוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וָאֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃
Malachi 1:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- I have loved you, saith the LORD.
- Yet ye say: 'Wherein hast Thou loved us?' Was not Esau Jacob's brother? saith the LORD; yet I loved Jacob;
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MAL:2 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.2/