Malachi 2:8 · JPS 1917
But ye are turned aside out of the way; ye have caused many to stumble in the law; ye have corrupted the covenant of Levi, saith the LORD of hosts.
Who acts: ye, many, LORD, Levi · What happens: turn, cause, stumble, corrupt, say, covenant · To what, where: ye, way, many, law, covenant · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Malachi 2:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, many, LORD, Levi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 turned | cc |
| 2 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 turned | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 turned | aux:pass |
| 4 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | aside | aside | ADV | _ | 4 turned | advmod |
| 6 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 way | case |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 out | fixed |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 way | det |
| 9 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turned | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 caused | punct |
| 11 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 13 caused | nsubj |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 caused | aux |
| 13 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 turned | conj |
| 14 | many | many | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Ind | 13 caused | obj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 stumble | mark |
| 16 | stumble | stumble | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 caused | xcomp |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 law | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 law | det |
| 19 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stumble | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 corrupted | punct |
| 21 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 23 corrupted | nsubj |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 corrupted | aux |
| 23 | corrupted | corrupt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 turned | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 covenant | det |
| 25 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 corrupted | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 Levi | case |
| 27 | Levi | Levi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 covenant | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 saith | punct |
| 29 | saith | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 corrupted | parataxis |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 LORD | det |
| 31 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 saith | nsubj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 hosts | case |
| 33 | hosts | host | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 LORD | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 turned | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present · passive | ye | the way | aside property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme out way=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | cause | present · perfect | ye | many | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stumble | to-infinitive | many not said here | the law | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in law=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | corrupt | present · perfect | ye | the covenant of Levi | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent covenant=Patient | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present | the LORD of hosts | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | covenant | Levi | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְאַתֶּם֙ סַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּתּוֹרָ֑ה שִֽׁחַתֶּם֙ בְּרִ֣ית הַלֵּוִ֔י אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃
Malachi 2:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MAL:27 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.27/